Penicillin

Manufactured by Beyotime

Sourced in China, United States, Israel, Australia, Germany, Canada

Penicillin is a laboratory equipment used for the cultivation and isolation of the Penicillium fungus. It provides a controlled environment for the growth and production of penicillin, a widely used antibiotic.

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Lab products found in correlation

577 protocols using penicillin

Culturing RASFs, NSFs, and MH7A Cells

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RASFs and NSFs were cultured in DMEM/high−glucose medium (Hyclone, Logan, UT, USA) containing 20% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Gibco, Grand Island, NY, USA), 100 mg/mL of streptomycin, and 100 U/mL of penicillin (both from Beyotime, Shanghai, China) at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere containing 95% air and 5% CO₂.
MH7A cells, a human rheumatoid arthritis synovial cell line, were obtained from Jennio Biotech Co., Ltd. (Guangzhou, China). The cells were incubated in DMEM/high-glucose medium (Hyclone, Logan, UT, USA) containing 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Gibco, Grand Island, NY, USA), 100 mg/mL of streptomycin, and 100 U/mL of penicillin (both from Beyotime, Shanghai, China) at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere containing 95% air and 5% CO₂.

Xu Y., Zai Z., Lu Z., Zhang T., Wang L., Qian X., Tao J., Peng X., Zhang Y, & Chen F. (2023). Circular RNA CircCDKN2B−AS_006 Promotes the Tumor-like Growth and Metastasis of Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fibroblasts by Targeting the miR−1258/RUNX1 Axis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(6), 5880.

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Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Chemotherapeutics

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TP5 was purchased from ChemBest Research Laboratories Ltd. (China). Oxaliplatin (OXA), D-tufosine pentahydrate (TUB) and L-nicotine (L-Nico) were purchased from MedChemExpress (USA). HCT116 cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium (C11875500BT, Gibco) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (10099–141, Gibco), penicillin (100 IU/ml) and streptomycin (100 μg/ml, C0222, Beyotime). LoVo cells were cultured in F-12K Nutrient Mixture (21127–022, Gibco) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (10099–141, Gibco), penicillin (100 IU/ml) and streptomycin (100 μg/ml, C0222, Beyotime). Cells were incubated in a humidified incubator containing 5% CO₂ at 37°C.

Yu P.C., Liu D., Han Z.X., Liang F., Hao C.Y., Lei Y.T., Guo C.R., Wang W.H., Li X.H., Yang X.N., Li C.Z., Yu Y, & Fan Y.Z. (2022). Thymopentin-Mediated Inhibition of Cancer Stem Cell Stemness Enhances the Cytotoxic Effect of Oxaliplatin on Colon Cancer Cells. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13, 779715.

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Cell Line and Primary Cell Culture

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HEK293, L929, and RAW264.7 were obtained from American Type Culture Collection. Huh7 cells were gift from Dr. Xiaoben Pan (Peking University Hepatology Institute). IFNαR and STAT1-deficient immortal BMDMs were gift from Dr. Genhong Cheng (University of California, Los Angeles). Mouse primary PMs were prepared from female C57BL/6J mice (5–6-week old) through intraperitoneal injection with thioglycolate. The cells were cultured at 37 °C under 5% CO₂ in RPMI-1640 medium (Invitrogen) supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated FBS (Biology Industries), 100 U ml⁻¹ penicillin (Beyotime) and 100 µg ml⁻¹ streptomycin (Beyotime). Primary bone marrow cells were collected from WT and NDR1^−/− mice to prepare bonemarrow-derived macrophages, which were cultured at 37 °C under 5% CO₂ in RPMI-1640 medium (Invitrogen) supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated FBS (Biology Industries) FBS, 20 ng ml⁻¹ M-CSF (PeproTech), 100 U ml⁻¹ penicillin (Beyotime) and 100 µg ml⁻¹ streptomycin (Beyotime). Mouse recombinant IFNβ, IFNγ and human recombinant IFNα were purchased from PeproTech. Poly (I:C), poly (dA:dT) and anti-flag mouse magnetic (M2) beads were from Sigma-Aldrich. Information about the antibodies used in this study is provided in Supplementary Table 1.

Liu Z., Qin Q., Wu C., Li H., Shou J., Yang Y., Gu M., Ma C., Lin W., Zou Y., Zhang Y., Ma F., Sun J, & Wang X. (2018). Downregulated NDR1 protein kinase inhibits innate immune response by initiating an miR146a-STAT1 feedback loop. Nature Communications, 9, 2789.

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Isolation and Culture of Primary Osteocytes

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Primary osteocytes were isolated from marrow-flashed long bones of 18-month-old trans genic mice and their WT littermates, as previously described [23 (link)]. Briefly, long bones were dissected and sequentially digested with digestion solution containing 0.15% (v/v) collagenase type I (BD Biosciences, Concord, MA, USA) and EDTA (5 mM) in an incubator under 37 °C and 5% CO₂. The cells isolated from the first three digestions were removed and the final digests enriched osteocytes were cultured in alpha Modified Eagle’s Medium (α-MEM, Gibco, Carlsbad, CA, USA) supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Hyclone, Logan, UT, USA), 100 U/mL penicillin and 100 μg/mL streptomycin (Beyotime, Shanghai, China). After 48 h, the CM was collected and stored at −80 °C until use. The C2C12 myoblasts were cultured in high-glucose Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM, GIBCO, Carlsbad, CA, USA) containing 10% (ν/ν) fetal bovine serum (FBS, Hyclone, Logan, UT, USA), 100 U/mL penicillin and 100 μg/mL streptomycin (Beyotime, Haimen, China) for 48 h. All cell lines were cultured under 5% CO₂ and 37 °C in a controlled humidified incubator.

Li G., Zhang L., Lu Z., Yang B., Yang H., Shang P., Jiang J.X., Wang D, & Xu H. (2022). Connexin 43 Channels in Osteocytes Are Necessary for Bone Mass and Skeletal Muscle Function in Aged Male Mice. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(21), 13506.

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Culturing Human Cerebral Endothelial and HEK293T Cells

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Human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (HBEC-5i) were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA). The cells were cultured on 0.1% gelatin solution-coated (ATCC) flasks in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM): F12 medium (ATCC) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Gibco/Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA, USA), 40 μg/mL endothelial cell growth supplement (ECGS, ATCC), and 100 U/mL penicillin as well as 0.1 mg/mL streptomycin (Beyotime, Shanghai), maintained at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO₂ as described previously [20 (link)].
Human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T cells (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA) were grown in DMEM containing 10% FBS, 100 U/mL penicillin, and 0.1 mg/mL streptomycin (Beyotime, Shanghai), maintained at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO₂.

Zou M., Huang W., Jiang W., Wu Y, & Chen Q. (2019). Role of Cav-1 in HIV-1 Tat-Induced Dysfunction of Tight Junctions and Aβ-Transferring Proteins. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2019, 3403206.

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Cell Culture of Colon and Macrophage Cells

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Colon adenocarcinoma Caco2 cells and intestinal epithelial IEC6 cells were cultured at 37 °C in 5% CO₂ in DMEM (Gibco, USA) supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (Gibco, USA), 100 units/ml penicillin (Beyotime Biotechnology, China) and 100 μg/ml streptomycin (Beyotime Biotechnology, China). Macrophage RAW264.7 cells were cultured at 37 °C in 5% CO₂ in RPMI-1640 (Gibco, USA) medium supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (Gibco, USA), 100 units/ml penicillin (Beyotime Biotechnology, China) and 100 μg/ml streptomycin (Beyotime Biotechnology, China).

Zhou B., Xia X., Wang P., Chen S., Yu C., Huang R., Zhang R., Wang Y., Lu L., Yuan F., Tian Y., Fan Y., Zhang X., Shu Y., Zhang S., Bai D., Wu L., Xu H, & Yang L. (2018). Induction and Amelioration of Methotrexate-Induced Gastrointestinal Toxicity are Related to Immune Response and Gut Microbiota. EBioMedicine, 33, 122-133.

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Immortalized Mouse Microglial Cell Culture

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Mouse microglial cells (N9) were kindly provided by Dr. Bai Yun (Department of Genetics, The Third Military Medical University, China). The N9 microglia was obtained by immortalization of E13 mouse embryonic brain cultures with the 3RV retrovirus carrying an activated v-myc oncogene [33] (link) and shares many phenotypical characteristics with primary mouse microglia [34] (link). N9 cells were maintained in Iscove's modified Dulbecco's medium (IMDM) (HyClone, Logan, UT) supplemented with 5% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (HyClone), 2 mM glutamine, 100 µg/mL streptomycin, 100 U/mL penicillin (Beyotime, Jiangsu, China) and 50 µM 2-mercaptoethanol (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). Mouse astrocyte type I cells (C8-D1A) (ATCC, Rockville, MD, USA) were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) (GIBCO, Gran Island, NY, USA). Culture medium was supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 U/mL penicillin and 100 µg/mL streptomycin (Beyotime). Both microglial and astroglial cells were plated in 25-cm² T-flasks (Corning, Tewksbury, MA, USA) and incubated at 37°C in a humid atmosphere with 5% CO₂.

Lu Y., He M., Zhang Y., Xu S., Zhang L., He Y., Chen C., Liu C., Pi H., Yu Z, & Zhou Z. (2014). Differential Pro-Inflammatory Responses of Astrocytes and Microglia Involve STAT3 Activation in Response to 1800 MHz Radiofrequency Fields. PLoS ONE, 9(10), e108318.

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Cell Culture and Transfection Protocols

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HEK293T cells were maintained in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) (Corning, USA) supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Gibco, USA), penicillin (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA, 100 IU/mL), and streptomycin (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA, 100 IU/mL) at 37 ℃ (5% CO₂) for 24 h. TM4 cells were maintained in DMEM/F12 (Corning, USA) supplemented with 5% heat-inactivated horse serum, 2.5% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum, penicillin (100 IU/mL), and streptomycin (100 IU/mL) at 37 ℃ (5% CO₂) for 24 h. Primary SCs from the testes were maintained in DMEM/F12 with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum, penicillin (100 IU/mL), and streptomycin (100 IU/mL) at 37 ℃ (5% CO₂) for 24 h. Cell transfection was performed using Lipo6000 Transfection Reagent (Beyotime, China, C0526) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The small interfering RNA (siRNA) sequences are listed in Supplementary Table S1.

Zhang M.F., Wan S.C., Chen W.B., Yang D.H., Liu W.Q., Li B.L., Aierken A., Du X.M., Li Y.X., Wu W.P., Yang X.C., Wei Y.D., Li N., Peng S., Li X.L., Li G.P, & Hua J.L. (2023). Transcription factor Dmrt1 triggers the SPRY1-NF-κB pathway to maintain testicular immune homeostasis and male fertility. Zoological Research, 44(3), 505-521.

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Cell Culture of Alveolar Epithelial Lines

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A549 and BEAS‐2B were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). BEAS‐2B cells were maintained in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM, Life Technologies/Gibco) supplemented with 5% foetal bovine serum, 100 U/mL penicillin and 100 μg/mL streptomycin (Beyotime). A549 were maintained in RPMI‐1640 (Life Technologies/Gibco) containing 10% foetal calf serum (FCS, Life Technologies/Gibco), 100 U/mL penicillin and 100 μg/mL streptomycin (Beyotime). Cells were maintained at 37℃ and 5% CO₂. Human primary type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) were obtained from Procell Biotechnology and cultured in human type II alveolar epithelial cell medium.

Xu Q., Cheng D., Liu Y., Pan H., Li G., Li P., Li Y., Sun W., Ma D, & Ni C. (2021). LncRNA‐ATB regulates epithelial‐mesenchymal transition progression in pulmonary fibrosis via sponging miR‐29b‐2‐5p and miR‐34c‐3p. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 25(15), 7294-7306.

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Differentiation and Stimulation of Macrophages

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HEK293, L929, Thp1, and RAW264.7 cells were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA). IFNαR- and STAT1-deficient immortal BMDMs were gifts from G. Cheng (University of California, Los Angeles). Thioglycolate (Merck)–elicited mouse PMs were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium (Invitrogen) with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Biological Industries), penicillin (100 U ml⁻¹) (Beyotime), and streptoMycin (100 μg ml⁻¹) (Beyotime). BMDMs were generated from the bone marrow of 8-week-old female mice. Bone marrow cells were collected from the femurs and tibias of mice, and BMDMs were differentiated in RPMI-1640 medium (Invitrogen) with 10% heat-inactivated FBS (Biological Industries), penicillin (100 U ml⁻¹) (Beyotime), streptoMycin (100 μg ml⁻¹) (Beyotime), and recombinant mouse macrophage colony-stimulating factor (20 ng ml⁻¹) (PeproTech). Mouse recombinant IFN-β and human recombinant IFN-α were purchased from PeproTech. LMW and HMW poly(I:C) and anti-Flag mouse magnetic (M2) beads were from Sigma-Aldrich.

Liu Z., Wu C., Pan Y., Liu H., Wang X., Yang Y., Gu M., Zhang Y, & Wang X. (2019). NDR2 promotes the antiviral immune response via facilitating TRIM25-mediated RIG-I activation in macrophages. Science Advances, 5(2), eaav0163.

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