Caffeic, chlorogenic, p-coumaric, gallic acids, isoquercitrin, rutin, quercetin, hyperoside, fisetin, quercetol, kaempferol, apigenin, myricetol, harpagoside, catalpol, aucubin, ergosterol, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, brassicasterol, campesterol were standards from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), 8-O-acetyl-harpagide, harpagide from PhytoLab (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany), caftaric acid from Dalton (Toronto, ON, Canada), gentisic, sinapic, ferulic acids, luteolin, patuletin were obtained from Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany). Copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate, sodium carbonate, sodium acetate trihydrate, anhydrous aluminium chloride from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Solvents used for extraction and separation were HPLC analytical-grade (methanol, ammonium acetate, acetonitrile) or analytical-grade (acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, petroleum ether, silver nitrate, n-hexane, chloroform) and Folin-Ciocâlteu reagent were acquired from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Fremy’s salt and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) were from Alfa-Aesar (Karlsruhe, Germany).
Hyperoside
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Italy, China, France, Spain
Hyperoside is a lab equipment product manufactured by Merck Group. It is a chemical compound used for analytical and research purposes in various scientific fields.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Rutin, by Merck Group (31 mentions)
Quercetin, by Merck Group (29 mentions)
Chlorogenic acid, by Merck Group (28 mentions)
Caffeic acid, by Merck Group (24 mentions)
Quercitrin, by Merck Group (21 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (20 mentions)
P coumaric acid, by Merck Group (18 mentions)
Kaempferol, by Merck Group (17 mentions)
Apigenin, by Merck Group (13 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (13 mentions)
Isoquercitrin, by Merck Group (12 mentions)
Catechin, by Merck Group (12 mentions)
Rosmarinic acid, by Merck Group (12 mentions)
Epicatechin, by Merck Group (9 mentions)
Luteolin, by Merck Group (9 mentions)
Ferulic acid, by Merck Group (9 mentions)
Protocatechuic acid, by Merck Group (9 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Fisetin, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (7 mentions)
66 protocols using hyperoside
1
Phytochemical Characterization and Antioxidant Evaluation
2
Quantification of Phenolic Compounds
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Standards used for identification and quantification of phenolic compounds were gallic acid, syringic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, quercetin, rutin (quercetin-3-O-rutinoside), hyperoside (quercetin-3-O-galactoside), kaempherol, juglone (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), ferulic acid and ellagic acid (Fluka-Honeywell, Charlotte, NC, USA). HPLC/MS grade acetonitrile and formic acid, analytical grade methanol and acetic acid were purchased from Avantor (Radnor, PA, USA). The bidistilled water was filtered through a 0.45 µm nylon membrane.
3
Phenolic and Antioxidant Assay Chemicals
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Chemicals for total phenolic and antioxidant assays: Folin-Ciocalteu′s phenol reagent, aluminum chloride (AlCl3; ≥99%), ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), TPTZ (2,4,6-Tri(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine),ferrozine (3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine-4′,4′′-disulfonic acid sodium salt), EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt; ≥99%); Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid; ≥97%), quercetin (Q; 3,3′,4′,5,6-pentahydroxyflavone; ≥97%), gallic acid (GA; 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid; ≥98%); chromatographic standards: arbutin (4-Hydroxyphenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside; ≥98%), hydroquinone (1,4-Dihydroxybenzene; ≥99%), methylarbutin (4-methoxyphenyl β-D-glucopyranoside; ≥97%), picein (4-acetylphenyl β-D-glucopyranoside; ≥98%), corilagin (1-O-galloyl-3,6-hexahydroxydiphenol-β-D-glucopyranose; ≥96%),penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose; ≥96%), and hyperoside (3,3′,4′,5,7-pentahydroxyflavone 3-D-galactoside; ≥95.0%), as well as mobile phase components: acetonitrile and formic acid (HPLC grades) were purchased from Merck company (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). All other chemicals were of analytical grade.
4
Extraction and Analysis of Hypericum Compounds
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Hypericin, pseudoHypericin, and emodin were obtained from AppliChem (Darmstadt, Germany), hyperforin from Cayman Chemical (USA), quercitrin hydrate (85%) and chlorogenic acid from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie (Steinheim, Germany), quercetin from ABCR GmbH & Co. KG (Karlsruhe, Germany), and hyperoside from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). HPLC-grade acetonitrile and HPLC-grade methanol were purchased from J. T.Baker Avantor Performance Materials B.V. (Deventer, Netherlands) and alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (HCCA) (MALDI grade) from Sigma–Aldrich Life Science (Saint Louis, USA). Demineralized water was distilled two times in-house before use. Reference compounds were not available for protoHypericin, emodin anthrone, and isoquercitrin.
5
Chokeberry Fruit Phytochemical Analysis
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Chokeberry fruits were bought at the local market. Alginic acid sodium salt (very low viscosity) was obtained from Alfa Aesar (Kandel, Germany), while low-methoxyl pectin (Genu pectin type LM-5-CS) was from CP Kelco (Lille Skensved, Denmark). Calcium chloride, ethanol, sodium acetate, potassium chloride and ammonium acetate were from Gram-mol (Zagreb, Croatia). Sodium carbonate was purchased from T.T.T. (Sveta Nedelja, Croatia). Potassium persulfate and Folin-Ciocalteu reagent were procured from Kemika (Zagreb, Croatia). Cupric chloride, neocuproine and 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ) were bought from Acros Organic (Geel, Belgium). methanol (HPLC grade) was from J.T. Baker (Deventer, The Netherlands) and orthophosphoric acid (HPLC grade, >85%) was from Fisher Scientific (Loughborough, UK). Hydrochloric acid (37%) and methanol were bought from Carlo Erba Reagents (Sabadell, Spain) and acetic acid (>99.5%) was from Alkaloid (Skopje, North Macedonia). Trolox, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, 4-dimethyl-amino-cinnamaldehyd and most of the standards used for HPLC analysis (chlorogenic acid, quercetin and rutin) were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), while the standards of cyanidin-3-galactoside, neochlorogenic acid and hyperoside were products of Extrasynthese (Genay, France).
6
Enzymatic Synthesis of Diverse Esters
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CALB (powder, lipase from Candida antarctica B), TLL (powder, lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus), RML (powder, lipase from Rhizomucor miehei), TLIM (lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus, immobilized on granulated silica), and MML (powder, lipase from Mucor miehei) were purchased from Novozymes Co., Ltd, China. PEL (powder, lipase from Penicillium expansum) and ANL (powder, lipase from Aspergillus niger) were obtained from Leveking Bioengineering Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China. Polydatin, arbutin, helicid, dihydromyricetin, dopamine hydrochloride, and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (MeTHF) were provided by Aladdin. Hyperoside, vinyl sorbate, and vinyl laurate were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Vinyl butyrate, vinyl hexanoate, vinyl octanoate, vinyl decanoate, vinyl myristate, vinyl palmitate, vinyl pivalate, vinyl 2-ethylhexanoate, vinyl stearate, vinyl benzoate, vinyl crotonate, and vinyl undecenoate were from TCI. Quercimetrin, isoquercetin, astragaline, myricetrin, taxifolin, gastrodin, and baicalin were from Yihe Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China. All other chemicals were also from commercial sources and of the highest purity available.
7
Heparanase Promoter Activity in Podocytes
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A pGL3 luciferase reporter vector containing the 0.7 or 3.5 kb promoter region of the mouse HPR1 (heparanase) gene was constructed as the previous study23 (link). The cultured podocytes in 12-well plates were treated with vehicle, Hyperoside (Sigma-Aldrich) and (or) 20 mmol/L glucose before they were transfected with either pGL3-HPR1 promoter construct or pGL3-basic empty vector. The pRL-CMV (Promega, WI, USA) containing renilla luciferase gene was adopted as an internal control for transfection efficiency using 1.5 µl Lipofectamine in 100 µl of Opti-MEM medium (Invitrogen, CA, USA). Cultured podocytes were harvested 24 h after transfection and the luciferase activity was measured by Dual-Luciferase reporter assay kit (Promega, Madison, WI).
8
Quantification of Flavonoid Phenolic Compounds
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The analytical standards of the 6 flavonoid phenolic compounds namely, quercetin (≥95.0%, HPLC), rutin (≥95.0%, HPLC), isorhamnetin (≥95.0%, HPLC), quercetin-3-glucouronide (≥95.0%, HPLC), hyperoside (≥97.0%, HPLC), and quercitrin (≥95.0%, HPLC) were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy). Every day, suitable dilutions of the stock solutions with HPLC-grade methanol were used to create standard working solutions at various concentrations. Formic acid (99%) came from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Carlo Erba Reagents (Milan, Italy) provided analytical-grade hydrochloric acid (37%). Methanol suitable for HPLC was provided by Sigma-Aldrich (Milano, Italy). Deionized water was again purified (>18 MΩ cm resistivity) using a Milli-Q SP Reagent Water System (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). All solutions were filtered through a 0.2 μm polyamide filter obtained from Sartorius Stedim (Goettingen, Germany). All samples were filtered through Phenex™ RC 4 mm 0.2 μm syringeless filter supplied by Phenomenex (Castel Maggiore, BO, Italy), before HPLC analysis.
9
HPLC Standards for Biochemical Analysis
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All solvents used were of HPLC grade and supplied by Fisher Scientific. Canavanine sulfate salt, quercetin-3-glucoside, quercetin dihydrate, hyperoside, luteoloside, stachydrine (hydrochloride), trigonelline chloride, diosmetin, H-Glu-Tyr-OH and H-Phe-Glu-OH standards were purchased from the Sigma-Aldrich (Munich, Germany), Thermo scientific, Carl Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany), Chemodex (St. Gallen, Switzerland), Cayman (Düsseldorf, Germany) and Adipogen life sciences (San Diego, CA, USA) companies.
10
Analytical Characterization of Plant Extracts
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All the solvents, reagents, and standards used were of analytical grade. The following substances were used in the study: Ethanol 96% (v/v) (AB Strumbras, Kaunas, Lithuania), procyanidin C1, procyanidin B2, quercetin, hyperoside, avicularin, quercitrin, kaempherol 3-O-glucoside, luteolin 7-O-glucoside, phloridzin, formic acid, acetonitrile, (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, rutin, isoquercitrin, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, hydrochloric acid, Hoechst33342, propidium iodide, glucose, temozolomide, DMSO and KCl (Sigma-Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany), Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) with Glutamax, foetal bovine serum, penicillin-streptomycin, Versene solution, antibiotic-antimycotic solution (Anti-Anti) were of Gibco brand and purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA. During the study, we used purified de-ionized water prepared with the Milli–Q® (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA) water purification system.
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