Silicon wafers (<1 0 0> orientation; University Wafers) and glass cover slips (Fisher) were cleaned by rinsing thoroughly with acetone (Fisher) and DI water, and then dried with nitrogen. The cleaned substrates were exposed to oxygen plasma (Plasma Etch PE-25) for 10 min for hydroxylation. To prepare hydrophilic surfaces, the hydroxylated samples were immersed in a solution consisting of 2 μL of 2-methoxy polyethyleneoxy (6–9) propyl trimethoxysilane (Gelest) and 12 μL hydrochloric acid (Fisher) in 45 mL of anhydrous toluene (Fisher) for the desired time at room temperature. We chose low molecular weight PEG silane to reduce steric hindrance and obtain higher grafting densities. To prepare hydrophobic surfaces, the hydroxylated samples were exposed to the vapors of 150 μL of 1,3-dichlorotetramethyldisiloxane (Gelest) in an enclosed chamber for 15 min at room temperature. Finally, the silanized samples were cleaned by rinsing thoroughly with anhydrous toluene, DI water and ethanol (Fisher) sequentially, and then dried with nitrogen.
Anhydrous toluene
Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, Belgium
Anhydrous toluene is a highly purified, solvent-grade organic chemical. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic aromatic odor. Anhydrous toluene is used as a solvent, diluent, and reagent in various laboratory applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Vinylmagnesium bromide, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Tetrahydrofuran, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Poly methylhydrosiloxane trimethylsilyl terminated, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Anhydrous tetrahydrofuran, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Tetrahydrofuran, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
T butylmagnesium chloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dichloro 1 3 bis diphenylphosphino propane nickel 2 ni dppp cl2, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Chlorotrimethylsilane, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Styrene, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
N butyllithium, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Cyclohexane, by Biosolve (1 mentions)
Platinum 0 1 3 divinyl 1 1 3 3 tetramethyldisiloxane complex solution, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sec butyllithium, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
1 1 diphenylethylene, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Chloromethyl phenylethyl dimethylchlorosilane, by Gelest (1 mentions)
Lithium bromide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Methanol, by Biosolve (1 mentions)
Acetone, by Biosolve (1 mentions)
Perchloric acid, by Carl Roth (1 mentions)
Phosphate buffered saline (pbs), by Carl Roth (1 mentions)
11 protocols using anhydrous toluene
1
Tuning Surface Wettability of Silicon and Glass
2
Synthesis of Poly(PMHS-co-PEG) Copolymers
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The 2,5-dibromo-3-hexylthiophene ≥ 97%, TCI (Tokyo, Japan), t-butylmagnesium chloride (2M ether solution) (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), dichloro-[1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane]nickel(II) (Ni(dppp)Cl2) (≥97%, Sigma Aldrich), vinylmagnesium bromide (0.7 M solution in tetrahydrofuran, (Acros Organics Geel, Belgium), poly(methylhydrosiloxane) trimethylsilyl terminated (average Mn ~390—PMHS390—and 1700–3200—PMHS1700/3200, Sigma Aldrich), platinum(0)-1,3-divinyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane (PTDD, Karstedt’s catalyst) (complex solution in xylene, Pt ~2%, Sigma Aldrich), poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEG) (average Mn 500, Sigma Aldrich), anhydrous toluene (99.8%, Acros Organics) were used as received, without further purification. Anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (99.9%, Acros Organics) was distilled over metallic sodium prior to use. All reactions were conducted under dry nitrogen or argon flow, in oven-dried glassware.
3
Fabrication of P3HT-PE Thin Films
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P3HT (Mw of 54 000–75 000 g/mol), PE (Mw of 35 000 g/mol), and OTS were purchased
from Sigma-Aldrich. Anhydrous toluene (99.8%) was obtained from Acros
Organics. Other reagents were reagent grade and used without further
purification.
from Sigma-Aldrich. Anhydrous toluene (99.8%) was obtained from Acros
Organics. Other reagents were reagent grade and used without further
purification.
4
Synthesis of Functionalized Polysiloxanes
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All chemicals were used as received unless otherwise noted. n-Butyllithium (n-BuLi, 2 M in cyclohexane), sec-butyllithium (sec-BuLi, 1.4 M in cyclohexane), tetrahydrofuran (THF, anhydrous, ≥99.9%, inhibitor-free), styrene, platinum(0)-1,3-divinyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane complex solution (in xylene, Pt ≈ 2%), 1,1-diphenylethylene (DPE, 97%), lithium bromide (LiBr, ≥99%), and chlorotrimethylsilane (purified by redistillation, ≥99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D3, 95%), 1,3,5-trivinyl-1,3,5-trimethylcyclotrisiloxane (D3V), chlorodimethylsilane (CDMS, 98%), and ((chloromethyl)phenylethyl)dimethylchlorosilane (CMPDMS) were purchased from Gelest. Anhydrous toluene was obtained from Acros Organics and other solvents such as cyclohexane, methanol, and acetone were purchased from Biosolve.
5
Synthesis and Functionalization of Polymer Nanocomposites
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The 2-(N,N-diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DEAEMA, 99%, Sigma-Aldrich) and methyl methacrylate (MMA, 99%, Sigma-Aldrich) were purified by passing them through a neutral aluminum column; and 2,2′-azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN, 98%, Sigma-Aldrich) was recrystallized from methanol. Aluminum discs (99.999%, Goodfellow), perchloric acid (HClO 4 , 70%, Carl Roth), ethanol (EtOH, 96%, Carl Roth), ortho-phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 , 85%, Carl Roth), chromium(IV) oxide (CrO 3 , ≥98%, Sigma-Aldrich), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 , 35%, Carl Roth), buffer solution pH 5 ± 0.02 (PBS, Carl Roth), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, ≥99%, Fischer), anhydrous 1,4dioxane (99.8%, Acros), toluene (≥99.5%, Roth), anhydrous toluene (99.8%, Acros), silica nanoparticles (SiO 2 NP, 10-20 nm, Sigma-Aldrich), tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS, 98%, Sigma-Aldrich), hydrochloric acid (HCl, 37%, Carl Roth), S-(thiobenzoyl)thioglycolic acid (99%, Sigma-Aldrich), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC, >98%, ABCR), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS, 98%, ABCR), anhydrous dichloromethane (DCM, 99.8%, Acros), (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES, ≥98%, ABCR) and other chemicals were used as received.
6
Polymerization of Functional Organometallic Thiophenes
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2,5-dibromo-3-hexylthiophene ≥97%, TCI (Tokyo, Japan), [1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)-propane]dichloronickel(II) (Ni(dppp)Cl2, ≥97% Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), vinylmagnesium bromide (0.7 M solution in tetrahydrofuran, Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium)), tert-butylmagnesium chloride (2 M solution in diethyl ether, Sigma Aldrich), anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (99.9%, Acros organics) distilled before use, poly(methylhydrosiloxane) trimethylsilyl terminated (average Mn = 390, Sigma Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA)), poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (average Mn = 500, Mn = 950 and Mn = 300, Sigma Aldrich), poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (average Mn = 500, Sigma Aldrich), platinum(0)-1,3-divinyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane (PTDD, Karstedt’s catalyst) (complex solution in xylene, Pt ~ 2%, Sigma Aldrich), anhydrous toluene (99.85%, Acros Organics).
7
Synthesis and Purification of Cyanine Dye-Labeled Polymers
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Potassium tert-butoxide was purchased from ABCR (Karlsruhe, Germany). Anhydrous Toluene and DTT were bought from Acros (Geel, Belgium). Diphenyl phosphate was provided by TCI Chemicals (Tokyo, Japan). 2-Hydroxyethyl disulfide, DCM, Sn(Oct)2, Strontium ispopropoxide, Mg(HMDS)2, TBD, DBU, TCEP, and GSH were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) and used without further purification. Tert-Butanol was bought from Grüssing GmbH (Filsum, Germany). Glycidol (Acros) and ε-CL (TCI) were distilled prior to use and stored in a Schlenk flask over a molecular sieve (4 Å). Cyanine-5-amine was purchased from Lumiprobe (Hannover, Germany). Pur-A-Lyzer Maxi 6000 Dialysis Kit was bought from Sigma Aldrich. Doxorubicin hydrochloride was purchased from ABCR GmbH.
8
Synthesis of Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals
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The following materials were purchased from
Merck Sigma and used as received: indium acetate (99.99%), palmitic
acid (PAH, 99%), trioctylphosphine (TOP, 97%), anhydrous acetone (99.8%),
octylamine (99%), anhydrous hexadecane (99%), zinc chloride (ZnCl2, 99.999%), tributylphosphine (TBP, 97%), and triethylamine
(99.5%). Tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphine (TMSP, 98%, Strem; caution: TMSP is a highly pyrophoric substance that can release toxic
phosphine gas upon reaction with air), anhydrous toluene
(99.8%, Alfa Aesar), benzoyl fluoride (98%, TCI), didodecylamine (97%,
TCI), and indium fluoride (InF3, 99.95%, Alfa Aesar) were
used as received. 1-Octadecene (ODE, 90%, Merck Sigma) and mesitylene
(98%, Merck Sigma) were degassed in vacuo at 100 °C and room
temperature respectively before being stored in a nitrogen-filled
glovebox.
Merck Sigma and used as received: indium acetate (99.99%), palmitic
acid (PAH, 99%), trioctylphosphine (TOP, 97%), anhydrous acetone (99.8%),
octylamine (99%), anhydrous hexadecane (99%), zinc chloride (ZnCl2, 99.999%), tributylphosphine (TBP, 97%), and triethylamine
(99.5%). Tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphine (TMSP, 98%, Strem; caution: TMSP is a highly pyrophoric substance that can release toxic
phosphine gas upon reaction with air), anhydrous toluene
(99.8%, Alfa Aesar), benzoyl fluoride (98%, TCI), didodecylamine (97%,
TCI), and indium fluoride (InF3, 99.95%, Alfa Aesar) were
used as received. 1-Octadecene (ODE, 90%, Merck Sigma) and mesitylene
(98%, Merck Sigma) were degassed in vacuo at 100 °C and room
temperature respectively before being stored in a nitrogen-filled
glovebox.
9
Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles and Nanorods
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1,4-Cyclo-hexanediol, cinnamoyl chloride, pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC), triethylamine (TEA), 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (m-CPBA), ε-caprolactone, tin(ii ) 2-ethylhexanoate (Sn(Oct)2) and anhydrous toluene were purchased from Alfa Aesar and used as received. All other reagents and solvents were purchased from Aldrich and used without further purification. Organic spherical gold nanoparticles (AuNS) 20 nm in diameter and a with maximal absorption at 520 nm along with organic gold nanorods (AuNR) 10 nm in diameter and 41 nm in length (aspect ratio ∼4) and with maximal absorption at 808 nm were purchased from Nanopartz and used as received.
10
Superhydrophobic Fluorinated Silica Nanoparticles
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Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS, 98%), 1H,1H,2H,2H-heptadecafluorodecyl methacrylate (FMA, 97%), (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (MPTMS, 95%), tetrahydrofuran (THF, ≥99%), and α,α,α-trifluorotoluene (TFT, ≥99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Aerosil 200 was purchased from Evonic (Piscataway, NJ, USA). The γ-Butyrolactam (BL, 99%), 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane (≥99.5%), and anhydrous toluene (99.8%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, MA, USA). Anhydrous ethanol (99.9%), ammonium hydroxide solution (NH4OH, 28.0–30.0%), and methanol (99.8%) were purchased from Samchun (Yeosu, Korea). The TFT and THF were distilled under argon before use. Aerosil 200 was dried in a dry oven at 100 °C before surface modification. FMA and BL were purified by passing the liquid substances through a neutral alumina column to remove the inhibitor prior to use. The 2, 2′- azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN, 99%) (Sigma–Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was purified by recrystallization in methanol.
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