Vhx 5000 digital microscope

All specimens used in this study were collected by hand from caves in southern China and are preserved in 95% ethanol. The type material is deposited in the zoological collection of the South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China (SCAU).
Observations and dissections were performed using a Leica S8 APO stereo microscope. The line drawings were prepared with a Zeiss Imager Axioskop40 microscope and a camera lucida attached for the scope. Photographs were taken with a Canon EOS 40D camera, then focus-stacked with Z-stack software, or Keyence VHX-5000 digital microscope, and further edited using Adobe Photoshop CS5 and Illustrator CC software.
The terminology used here follows that of Golovatch et al. (2012) and Golovatch and VandenSpigel (2017) .

The specimens were mainly collected in Malaise traps, but a few by sweep net. The material was stored in 70% ethanol, prepared with the AXA method (van Achterberg 2009 ; van Achterberg et al. 2010 ) and glued on card points. Observations and descriptions were made with an Olympus SZX11 stereomicroscope and fluorescent lamps. Photographic images were made with the Keyence VHX-5000 digital microscope and processed with Adobe Photoshop CS5, mostly to adjust the size and background.
Morphology. For other terminology used in this paper, see van Achterberg (1988 , 1993 ), Hong et al. (2011) and Chen et al. (2014) . Measurements were taken as indicated by van Achterberg (1988) . Additional non-exclusive characters in the key are between brackets.
Material. Types and other examined specimens are deposited in the Northwest University, Xi’an, NW China (NWUX) and Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands (RMNH).

The studied material concerns all the Planitorini and Mannokeraiini specimens used for DNA analysis and some additional specimens collected by Dr L. Masner (Ottawa). So far, the specimens have been provisionally identified up to genus level (Belshaw and Quicke 2002 (link), Sharanowski et al. 2011 , and Stigenberg et al. 2015 ). Observations and descriptions were made with an Olympus SZX11 stereomicroscope and fluorescent lamps. Photographic images were made with the Keyence VHX-5000 digital microscope and processed with Adobe Photoshop CS5, mostly to adjust the size and background.
Measurements are performed as indicated in van Achterberg (1988) . The length of the first metasomal tergite is measured medially from apex of adductor muscle to apex of tergite. Additional non-exclusive characters in the key are between square brackets. The following abbreviations are used for the depositories: ANIC = Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra, Australia; CNC = Canadian National Collection of Insects, Ottawa, Canada; HIC = Hymenoptera Institute Collection, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA; NHRS = Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden.

All specimens used in this study were collected in southern China and preserved in 95% ethanol. Most of the type and non-type material is deposited in the Zoological Collection of the South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China (SCAU), with several samples also donated to the Zoological Museum, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia (ZMUM), as indicated below.
Observation and dissections were performed using a Leica S8 APO stereo microscope. The line drawings were prepared with a Leica MZ125 microscope and a camera lucida attached to the microscope.
Photographs were taken with a Keyence VHX-5000 digital microscope, and further edited using Adobe Photoshop CS5.