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Phospho nf kb p65

Manufactured by Cell Signaling Technology
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom

Phospho-NF-kB p65 is a primary antibody that specifically recognizes the phosphorylated form of the NF-kB p65 subunit. NF-kB p65 is a key transcription factor involved in the regulation of various cellular processes, including immune response, inflammation, and cell survival.

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15 protocols using phospho nf kb p65

1

Western Blot Analysis of Signaling Proteins

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Western blotting was performed following standard protocols. Primary antibodies reactive to phospho-NF-kB p65 (1:1000; Cell Signaling, 3033), NF-kB p65 (1:1000; Cell Signaling, 4764), phospho-AKT (1:500; Cell Signaling, 4060), AKT (1:1000; Cell Signaling, 4685), phospho-p38 MAPK (1:800; Cell Signaling, 4631), p38 MAPK (1:1000; Cell Signaling, 9212), PGC1β (1:1000; Abcam, 176328), and β-actin (1:20,000; Sigma, F3022) were used. Primary antibody binding was detected by enhanced chemoluminescence (GE Healthcare, RPN2106).
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2

Gingival Fibroblasts Activation by Saliva

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Human gingival fibroblasts were starved in serum-free medium overnight before being stimulated for 30 min with salivary pellet that had been washed four times. Whole human saliva, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α, 10 ng/mL) and Interleukin (IL)-1 (10 ng/mL) served as positive controls, and serum-free medium as the negative control. Cell extracts were separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes (Whatman, GE Healthcare, General Electric Company, Fairfield, CT). Primary antibody binding was accomplished with phospho-NF-kB p65 and β-actin antibodies (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA). Secondary antibody bindings were detected by near-infrared absorbing dyes with the appropriate imaging system (LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, NE).
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3

Immunoblotting Protocol for Inflammatory Signaling

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Lysates were prepared in RIPA buffer (Cell Signaling Technologies) with 1mM PMSF per manufacturer's instructions. Proteins were separated on a NuPAGE gel (Invitrogen) and transferred to a PVDF membrane using the XCell II blotting system (Invitrogen). Membranes were blocked with 5% nonfat milk and incubated with primary antibody overnight at 4°C. Primary antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technologies: IRAK1 (#4504), phospho-IkBa (#2859), IkBa (#4814), phospho-p38 MAPK (#4511), p38 MAPK (#8690), phospho-p44/42 MAPK (ERK1/2, #4370), p44/p42 MAPK (ERK1/2, #4695), NFkB2 p100/p52 (#4882), phospho-NFkB p65 (#3033), NFkB p65 (#8242) phospho-TBK1 (#5483), TBK1 (#3504). CXCL1 (PA1-29220, Thermo Fisher Scientific), GAPDH (CB1001), and total actin antibody (MAB1501) were purchased from EMD Millipore. HuR (sc-5261), IRAK1 (sc-5288), phospho-MAPKAPK2 (sc-293139), MAPKAPK2 (sc-393609), and TTP (sc-374305) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. TRAF2 (592) was purchased from Medical & Biological Laboratories. Following washing, membranes were incubated with HRP-tagged anti-mouse IgG (1706516, Bio-Rad) or anti-rabbit IgG (NA934, GE Healthcare) and developed using SuperSignal West Pico or Femto substrate (Thermo Fisher Scientific).
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4

Quantifying Cellular NAMPT Signaling

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Reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO) unless otherwise noted. Antibodies for mTOR, Rictor, UCHL1, phospho-NF-kB p65, phospho-AktSer473 were purchased from Cell Signaling Technologies (Danvers, MA), β-actin and NF-kB from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA), goat anti-mouse IgG (Horseradish Peroxidase) from Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories. The anti-human goat NAMPT pAb was custom-generated as previously described10 (link),11 (link). The eNAMPT-neutralizing humanized mAb was provided by Aqualung Therapeutics (Tucson, AZ) as previously described11 (link). See Supplemental Materials and Methods for more details.
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5

Cell Culture Materials and Reagents

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Cell culture materials were purchased from Irvine Scientific (Irvine, CA) or GIBCO (Grand Island, NY) except for skeletal muscle growth medium, which was obtained from Lonza (Walkersville, MD). [3H] 2-deoxyglucose, [14C]-L-glucose and [3H]-palmitate were obtained from Perkin Elmer (Boston, MA). All other chemicals were reagent grade and purchased from Sigma Chemical (St. Louis, MO), except for AG-1X8 ion exchange resin (Bio-Rad, Richmond, CA). Electrophoresis reagents were from Bio-Rad or Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA). Primary antibodies were obtained from the following sources: IkBa (catalog #9242), phospho-p44/42 MAPK (#9106), p44/42 MAPK (#4695), phospho-p38 MAPK (#9216), p38 MAPK (#9212), phospho-NF-kB p65 (#13346), NF-kB p65 (#8242) (Cell Signaling Technology, Beverly, MA), phospho-JNK (#sc-6254), JNK (#sc-571), MyoD (#sc-760) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA), b-actin (#NB600-503) (Novus, Littleton, CO). Fluorescently labeled secondary antibodies and blocking buffer were obtained from Licor (Lincoln, NE).
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6

Western Blot Analysis of NF-kB Signaling

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Total protein was separated using Radio-Immunoprecipitation Assay (RIPA) buffer (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Total protein extract was incubated with 12% sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes and blocked with 5% skim milk at room temperature for 1 h. The membranes were incubated with primary antibodies against NF-kB p65, phospho-NF-kB p65 (1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA) at 4 °C overnight, then incubated with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit secondary antibodies (Cell Signaling Technology) at room temperature for 2 h. Band intensities were standardized against β-tubulin and the relative density was analyzed on a Molecular Imager ChemiDoc XRS System (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA) using enhanced chemiluminescence reagent (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA).
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7

Olive Leaf Extract Cytotoxicity Evaluation

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NB cell lines were seeded in 6-well plates, as already mentioned above. The day after seeding, cells were treated with 200 and 300 μM of OLE, as already described above. After 72 h of treatment, cells were collected and processed for cell signaling evaluation by FCM. Specifically, the expression of cleaved caspase 3, cleaved caspase 7, cleaved caspase 8, p53, cyclin D1, Bcl-2, phospho-Bcl-2, NF-kB p65, and phospho-NF-kB p65 was determined, according to the manufacturer’s instruction (Cell Signaling Technology Inc., Danvers, MA, USA).
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8

Probing Cellular Signaling Pathways

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Primary antibodies used in this work were β-actin (Abcam, ab8226), SNAI1 EC3 (ref20 (link).), PY99 (Santa Cruz, sc7020), PDGFR-β (Cell Signaling, 3169), ERK1/2 (Cell Signaling, 9102), p-ERK1/2 (Cell Signaling, 9109), Akt (Cell Signaling, 4691), p-Akt (Cell Signaling, 4060), FAK (Cell Signaling, 3285), p-FAK (Cell Signaling, 3281), VE-Cadherin (Abcam, ab33168), VCAM-1 (Abcam, ab98954), MMP-9 (Abcam, ab38898), Snail (ref20 (link).), MT1-MMP (Abcam, ab51074), CD31/PCAM-1 (1:10, SC-506) Fibronectin (DAKO, A0245), Beta 1 integrin (Cell Signaling, 34971 S), Beta 3 integrin (Cell signaling, 13166 S), NF-KB p65 (Cell signaling, 8242 S), Phospho-NF-KBp65 (Cell signaling 3033 S) and Collagen I (Abcam, ab34710). Secondary antibodies used were anti-Mouse or anti-Rabbit IgG Antibody DyLight™ 680 or 800 Conjugate.
Other compounds used were PDGF-BB (Peprotech, 100-14B), BAPN: 3-Aminopropionitrile fumarate salt (Sigma, A3134), FAK inhibitor, PF-573228 (PZ0117, Sigma), ERK inhibitor, U0126-monoethanolate (Sigma, U120) and PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002 hydrochloride (Sigma, L9908).
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9

Evaluating M-CSF, RANKL, and TNF Signaling

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Human and murine M-CSF, sRANKL, and TNF were purchased from Peprotech (Rocky Hill, NJ, USA). Inhibitors, SP2509, RN-1, ORY-1001, and Torin1, were purchased from Cayman Chemical Company (Ann Arbor, MI). The antibodies used were as follows: LSD1, phospho-NFkB p65, Phospho-4E-BP1, HIF1a, E2F1, PHD-2 (Cell Signaling Technologies, Danvers, MA), p38, c-Myc (BioLegend, San Diego, California) and Swine Anti-Rabbit Immunoglobulins/HRP (DAKO, Hovedstaden, Denmark).
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10

PM10-Induced Signaling Pathway Analysis

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To determine the signaling pathways elicited by PM10, NPDFs were pretreated with the following signaling pathway inhibitors: SB203580 (p38 inhibitor, 10 μmol/L; Sigma-Aldrich), C-Jun (curcumin, 10 μmol/L; Sigma-Aldrich) or BAY117082 (NF-kb inhibitor, 2.5 μmol/L; Sigma-Aldrich). After a 1 h treatment of the inhibitors, the cells were incubated with PM10 (200 μg/mL) for 6 h and then lysed in LIPA buffer. Lysates were separated using 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred onto polyvinylidene fluoride membranes (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). The membranes were blocked with blocking solution and incubated with antibodies to NF-kb (Cell signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), p38 (Cell signaling Technology), C-Jun (Cell signaling Technology), phospho-NF-kb p65 (Cell signaling Technology), phospho-p38 (Cell signaling Technology), phospho-C-Jun (Cell signaling Technology), and β- actin. Blots were visualized using horseradish peroxide-conjugated secondary antibodies and an Enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) system (Pierce, Rockford, IL, USA).
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