Lignin (from LignoTech Ibérica S.A., Cantabria, Spain) was selected as the carbon precursor for activated carbons. FeCl3·6H2O (≥97%), ZnCl2 (97%), H3PO4 (85%) and KOH (85%), used as agents for the chemical activation of lignin, were all purchased from Panreac (Panreac Química S.L.U., Barcelona, Spain). Titanium tetrabutoxide (Ti(OBu)4; ≥97%) was supplied by Sigma Aldrich (Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO, USA). Ethanol (EtOH; 96%) was obtained from Panreac (Panreac Química S.L.U., Barcelona, Spain). HCl (≥37%) and NaOH (≥95%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO, USA) and Scharlau (Scharlab S.L., Barcelona, Spain), respectively. Acetaminophen (ACE; ≥99%, from Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO, USA) was selected as the target emerging contaminant. Acetonitrile (HPLC grade, Scharlau, Scharlab S.L., Barcelona, Spain) and acetic acid (≥99%, Sigma Aldrich Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO, USA) were used as the mobile phase for liquid chromatography. Ultrapure water (Type I, 18.2 MΩ·cm) and deionized water (Type II) were used in this work.
Zncl2
Manufactured by ITW Reagents
Sourced in Spain
ZnCl2 is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula ZnCl2. It is a white, crystalline solid that is soluble in water and alcohol. ZnCl2 is commonly used as a laboratory reagent and in various industrial applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Cuso4 5h2o, by ITW Reagents (2 mentions)
Hplc grade acetonitrile, by Scharlab (1 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
H3po4, by ITW Reagents (1 mentions)
Fecl3 6h2o, by ITW Reagents (1 mentions)
Scharlau, by Scharlab (1 mentions)
Milli q water, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium sulfide na2s, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by ITW Reagents (1 mentions)
3 protocols using zncl2
1
Activated Carbons from Lignin Precursor
2
Bacterial Metal Tolerance Assessment
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The selected 30 isolates were tested for tolerance to copper and zinc metals as follows. Mueller–Hinton II agar plates (Sigma-Aldrich, Madrid, Spain) were supplemented with CuSO4•5H2O (PanReac, Barcelona, Spain) (4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 32, and 36 mM, adjusted to pH 7.2) or ZnCl2 (PanReac) (2, 4, 8, and 16 mM, adjusted to pH 6.5) according to Cavaco et al. (2011 (link)). Then, plates were inoculated with 2 μl from overnight cultures of bacterial strains diluted 10-folds in sterile saline solution. The plates were incubated at 37°C under aerobic conditions and inspected for bacterial growth after 24 h. The lowest metal concentration that inhibited growth of the inoculated bacterial strains was taken as the MIC.
3
Preparation and Analysis of Volatile Sulfur Compounds
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2.1 Reagents, standards and solvents DMS was obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). DMDS, EMS, DES, CS2, DEDS, MeSAc and EtSAc were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Sodium sulfide Na2S, sodium methanethiolate CH3SNa and sodium ethanethiolate CH3CH2SNa (also from Sigma-Aldrich) were dissolved in water at pH 9.6 for preparing H2S, MeSH and EtSH. These solutions were daily prepared and were kept in the anoxic chamber. Sodium metabisulfite (Na2S2O5) was purchased from Panreac (Barcelona, Spain). All the solutions and samples were prepared in the interior of a glove box P[BOX] (Jacomex) and they were stored out the glove box at -20°C, following recommendations of previous works [12, 14] .
Brine contained 350 g/L of NaCl (from Panreac, ARG quality, Barcelona, Spain) in Milli-Q water (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). Synthetic wine was a pure water solution containing 12% v/v ethanol (gradient grade for liquid chromatography, Merck), 5 g/L of tartaric acid and pH adjusted at 3.4 with an aqueous solution of NaOH (0.1 M).
Metal salts were CuSO4•5H2O, Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2•6H20 and ZnCl2 from Panreac, ARG quality. were used during the optimization of the analysis of Br-VSCs.
Brine contained 350 g/L of NaCl (from Panreac, ARG quality, Barcelona, Spain) in Milli-Q water (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). Synthetic wine was a pure water solution containing 12% v/v ethanol (gradient grade for liquid chromatography, Merck), 5 g/L of tartaric acid and pH adjusted at 3.4 with an aqueous solution of NaOH (0.1 M).
Metal salts were CuSO4•5H2O, Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2•6H20 and ZnCl2 from Panreac, ARG quality. were used during the optimization of the analysis of Br-VSCs.
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