Mnso4

hiHep cells were generated as previously described^{22 (link)}. Briefly, 2×10⁵ human dermal fibroblasts between passage 5 and 10 were seeded on a collagen-I-coated 60 mm dish and infected with pWPI lentiviruses expressing FOXA3, HNF1A and HNF4A (multiplicity of infection: 1.5 for each virus). For lentivirus production, pWPI lentiviral plasmids encoding FOXA3, HNF1A or HNF4A were introduced into 293FT cells (Thermo) together with psPAXs (Addgene) and pMD2.G (Addgene). The medium containing lentiviruses was collected and passed through 0.45 μm filter (Sangon Biotech) after 48 hours incubation. After 48 hours’ infection of human dermal fibroblasts, the medium was changed to hepatocyte maintenance medium (DMEM/F12 (Gibco) supplemented with 0.544 mg/L ZnCl₂ (Sinopharm), 0.75 mg/L ZnSO₄·7H₂O (Sinopharm), 0.2 mg/L CuSO₄·5H₂O (Sinopharm), 0.025 mg/L MnSO₄ (Sinopharm), 2 g/L Bovine serum albumin (Sigma-Aldrich), 2 g/L Galactose (Sigma-Aldrich), 0.1 g/L Ornithine (Alfa Aesar), 0.03 g/L Proline (Alfa Aesar), 0.61 g/L Nicotinamide (Solarbio), 1X Insulin-transferrin-sodium selenite media supplement (Sigma-Aldrich), 40 ng/ml TGFα (PeproTech), 40 ng/ml EGF (PeproTech), and 10 μM dexamethasone (Sigma-Aldrich)). Cells were collected for further analyses at different time points according to specific experiment.

UA, DA, NaH₂PO₄, and Na₂HPO₄ were purchased from Aladdin Reagents Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). K₄[Fe(CN)₆], K₃[Fe(CN)₆], MnSO₄, KMnO₄, NaOH, H₃PO₄, and absolute ethanol were supplied by Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All of the chemicals were analytically pure and used as received. NrGO was supplied by Nanjing Xianfeng NANO Material Tech Co. Ltd. (Nanjing, China). Human serum samples were provided by Zhuzhou People’s Hospital (Zhuzhou, China). The human samples are a mixture of residual serum from various individuals after clinical examination. Deionized water with the resistivity of 18.2 MΩ was used in all of the experiments.

KMnO₄ and MnSO₄ (analytical pure reagents) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd and used as received. Biocarbon (BC) was prepared from demineralized Arundo donax biomass via slow pyrolysis at 800 °C for 30 min. Details about the preparation process and characterization of the BC are presented in [16 (link)]. Aqueous formaldehyde solution (37 % w/v) was purchased from Carlo Erba reagents (Dasti group, Val de Reuil, France). Waterborne acrylic (UNIKOM for wooden surfaces) was provided by Samson company (Kamnik, Slovenia) and used as a binder for the coating preparation. High-purity nitrogen and CO₂ gases (Grade 5.0) were used for physisorption analysis. Beech (Fagus sylvatica L) substrates (13 cm × 10 cm × 1 cm) were used as surfaces for the application of the coatings.