Marcaine

Manufactured by Pfizer

Sourced in Canada

Marcaine is a local anesthetic manufactured by Pfizer. It is used to temporarily block the transmission of pain signals from a specific area of the body. Marcaine contains the active ingredient bupivacaine, which is a long-acting anesthetic agent.

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Lab products found in correlation

Metacam, by Boehringer Ingelheim (1 mentions) Vicryl, by Johnson & Johnson (1 mentions) Gelfoam, by Harvard Apparatus (1 mentions) Bacterial collagenase type 4 s, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Model ta10ta f40, by Data Sciences International (1 mentions) Rimadyl, by Pfizer (1 mentions)

6 protocols using marcaine

Adrenal Medullectomy in Rats

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Rats were injected with meloxicam 2 mg/kg s.c. (Metacam; Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, St. Joseph, MO), anesthetized with 2.5% isoflurane in oxygen, and the incision site infiltrated with 0.25% bupivacaine (Marcaine; Hospira, Lake Forest, IL). Adrenal glands were then located through bilateral incisions in the abdominal wall, their capsules incised, and the medullae excised^{3 (link),44 (link),62 (link)}; the fascia and skin were then sutured separately. Rats were provided with 0.45% saline to drink (ad libitum) for the first 7 days after surgery and received an additional injection of meloxicam 24 hours after surgery. To allow for maximum recovery of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis function, adrenal medullectomy was performed at least 5 weeks before additional experimental procedures.^{62 (link)}

Alvarez P., Green P.G, & Levine J.D. (2019). Unpredictable stress delays recovery from exercise-induced muscle pain: contribution of the sympathoadrenal axis. Pain Reports, 4(5), e782.

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Parabiosis Surgical Procedure in Mice

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Age-matched CD45.1⁺ and CD45.2⁺ congenic mice were co-housed for 1 week prior to surgery to ensure harmonious cohabitation. The mice were anesthetized with i.p. injection of a mixture of Ketamine (Putney) and Xylazine (Lloyd). 0.25% Marcaine (Hospira) was injected along the surgical area for local anesthesia. The lateral sides of two mice were shaved and disinfected. Matching skin incisions were made from the elbow to the knee and excess skin was excised to ensure a tight union. The elbows and knee joints of both mice were connected using a non-absorbable suture and then the skins of two mice were connected by a continuous suture with Vicryl (ETHICON). Suture types were cruciate for skin overlaying the joints and short stretches of continuous suture for the dorsal and ventral skin in between. Immediately post-surgery, 0.5–1.0 mL of pharmaceutical-grade physiological saline were injected subcutaneously to prevent dehydration. Buprenorphine (ZooPharm) was administrated post-surgery for pain control every 24 hours and as needed. Parabiotic mice were maintained under antibiotic-containing water for 2 weeks after surgery. The mice were analyzed 8 weeks after surgery.

Kobayashi T., Voisin B., Kim D.Y., Kennedy E.A., Jo J.H., Shih H.Y., Truong A., Doebel T., Sakamoto K., Cui C.Y., Schlessinger D., Moro K., Nakae S., Horiuchi K., Zhu J., Leonard W.J., Kong H.H, & Nagao K. (2019). Homeostatic Control of Sebaceous Glands by Innate Lymphoid Cells Regulates Commensal Bacteria Equilibrium. Cell, 176(5), 982-997.e16.

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Stereotaxic Surgery Protocol for Tracer Injection

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Each animal was anesthetized with isoflurane (4–5% for induction, 1.75–3% for maintenance) in oxygen. The head was shaved and disinfected with betadine (Purdue Products). Atropine sulfate (0.08 mg/kg, i.m.) was given to minimize respiratory secretions, and Ketofen (ketoprofen, 3 mg/kg, i.m.; Henry Schein) was given for postoperative pain management. Moisture Eyes PM ophthalmic ointment (Bausch and Lomb) was applied to each eye to protect the cornea. The animal’s head was positioned in a stereotaxic frame, with the incisor bar set 5.0 mm below interaural zero. Body temperature was maintained with a feedback-controlled heating pad. Sterile instruments and aseptic techniques were used for all surgical procedures. An incision was made in the scalp and the surrounding skin was injected with Marcaine (0.25% bupivacaine with epinephrine 1:200,000; Hospira), a long-lasting local anesthetic. A craniotomy was made over the desired target coordinates using a Foredom High Speed Rotary handpiece (Foredom Electric). Following tracer injection, Gelfoam (Harvard Apparatus) was placed in the craniotomy and the scalp was sutured. The animal was placed in a clean cage, and was monitored until it could walk, eat, and drink without difficulty.

Beebe N.L., Mellott J.G, & Schofield B.R. (2018). Inhibitory Projections from the Inferior Colliculus to the Medial Geniculate body Originate from Four Subtypes of GABAergic Cells. eNeuro, 5(5), ENEURO.0406-18.2018.

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Collagenase-Induced Striatal Injury Model

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For ICH, animals were anesthetized with isoflurane (graded induction to 4%, 2%-3% maintenance) and placed in a stereotaxic frame.^{45 (link)} A midline incision was made over the scalp to expose the surface of the skull and a burr hole was made 0.5 mm anterior and 3.5 mm lateral to Bregma,^{46 (link),47} contralateral to the dominant paw (established during baseline reach testing). An infusion of 1.2 μL of 0.6 U bacterial collagenase (Type IV-S, Sigma) was injected 6.5 mm deep into the striatum over 5 minutes (26-gauge Hamilton syringe). The syringe remained in place for an additional 5 minutes to prevent backflow. The burr hole was then sealed with a small screw, and the scalp was closed. Temperature was monitored throughout the procedure via rectal probe and maintained at 37°C ± 0.5°C via heating pad. All animals received Marcaine (0.5 mL S.C., Pfizer Canada) for pain management at the incision site. Rats were provided with a wet mashed rat chow following surgery and recovery was monitored through daily weighing and health checks.

Fedor B.A., Kalisvaart A.C., Ralhan S., Kung T.F., MacLaren M, & Colbourne F. (2022). Early, Intense Rehabilitation Fails to Improve Outcome After Intra-Striatal Hemorrhage in Rats. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, 36(12), 788-799.

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Telemetry Monitoring of Physiological Parameters in ICH

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In experiment 1, animals were anaesthetized with isoflurane (4% induction, 2–2.5% maintenance, 60% N₂0, and remainder O₂). A midline incision was made in the abdomen and a sterile telemetry probe was inserted (Model TA10TA-F40, Data Sciences International, St. Paul, MN). These probes are accurate to ±0.1°C. Baseline temperature and activity was recorded every 30 seconds from 24 hours prior to ICH until euthanasia. Marcaine (0.5 mg S.C., Pfizer Canada) and Metacam (0.2 mg/kg S.C.) were administered for analgesia.
For blood pressure measurements, a calibrated PA-C10 probe’s catheter (Data Sciences International, St. Paul, MN; ± 3 mmHg accuracy) was inserted into the femoral artery while the probe was implanted subcutaneously, as previously described [32 (link)].

Wilkinson C.M., Fedor B.A., Aziz J.R., Nadeau C.A., Brar P.S., Clark J.J, & Colbourne F. (2019). Failure of bumetanide to improve outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage in rat. PLoS ONE, 14(1), e0210660.

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Ovariectomy in Rodents for Hormone Studies

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After 9 ± 1 day of acclimation to the vivarium, all rats underwent Ovx in order to initiate a “blank ovarian hormone slate,” which permits the evaluation of specific treatment effects without interactions with endogenously circulating hormones. Rats were anesthetized via inhaled isoflurane anesthesia. Five mg/kg/mL of the NSAID carprofen (Rimadyl^®; Pfizer Pharmaceutical, Hospira Inc., Lake Forest, IL, United States) was administered to prevent post-surgical discomfort. Following sterilization of the surgical area, all rats received bilateral dorsolateral incisions through the skin and muscle. Ovaries and tips of the uterine horns were ligated and excised on each side. Muscle was sutured with dissolvable Vicryl suture and a local anesthetic, bupivacaine (Marcaine^®; Pfizer Pharmaceutical, Hospira Inc., Lake Forest, IL, United States), was applied topically to the incision site. Skin was sutured with dissolvable Vicryl suture. All rats received two mL of sterile saline subcutaneously to prevent post-surgical dehydration.

Koebele S.V., Poisson M.L., Palmer J.M., Berns-Leone C., Northup-Smith S.N., Peña V.L., Strouse I.M., Bulen H.L., Patel S., Croft C, & Bimonte-Nelson H.A. (2022). Evaluating the Cognitive Impacts of Drospirenone, a Spironolactone-Derived Progestin, Independently and in Combination With Ethinyl Estradiol in Ovariectomized Adult Rats. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 16, 885321.

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