Waveguard eeg cap

Behavioral data were recorded by E-Prime 2.0 software (Psychology Software Tools, Pittsburgh, PA, United States). EEG data were recorded by ego amplifier together with a Waveguard EEG Cap mounted with 64 Ag/AgCl electrodes (produced by ANT Neuro, Enschede, Netherlands). The channel data went through online band-pass-filter from 0.1 to 100 Hz and were recorded at a sampling rate of 500 Hz. The EEG experiment would start when all electrode impedances were decreased to below 10 kΩ and remained stable. We employed the left mastoid as online reference electrode during the experiment, and computed the average value of the left and right mastoids for off-line re-referencing.

Scalp EEG (ANT Neuro, Asalab, The Netherlands) was continuously recorded at 2084Hz using 64 electrodes mounted on an elastic cap (waveguard EEG cap) according to the international 10–20 EEG system. The impedance was kept below ≤5kΩ and the EEG signal was referenced to Cz during recording. The timing of the visual cue (blue target) in the motor task was marked in the simultaneous EEG recording, with separate markers for each condition (flexion, extension). Surface electromyography (EMG) using bipolar electrodes in a belly-tendon montage placed on the wrist extensor (extensor carpi radialis longus) and flexor (flexor carpi radialis) muscles monitored movements of the non-dominant hand.

The EEG was recorded from 32 scalp sites using an elastic cap with tin electrodes (Waveguard EEG cap, ANT Neuro, Enschede, Netherlands). The EEG sites were FP1, FPz, FP2, F7, F3, Fz, F4, F8, FC5, FC1, FC2, FC6, T7, C3, Cz, C4, T8, CP5, CP1, CP2, CP6, P7, P3, Pz, P4, P8, POz, O1, Oz, O2, A1 (left mastoid) and A2 (right mastoid), all referenced online to CPz. To control for eye movements and eye blinks, vertical and horizontal electrooculograms (EOGs) were recorded using bipolar montages. Electrode pairs were placed at the supra- and suborbital right eye and at the external canthi of the eyes. Electrode impedance was kept below 10 kΩ. The EEG and EOG signals were amplified with eego amplifier (ANT Neuro, Enschede, Netherlands), bandpass filtered (0.3–40 Hz), and digitized at 1000 Hz.

TMS was performed with a MagPro R30 stimulator (MagVenture, Denmark) and an MCF-B65-HO figure-8 Coil (MagVenture, Denmark). The 32-channel EEG data were obtained using TMS compatible BrainAmp DC amplifier (5 kHz sampling rate; ±16.384 mv measurement range; analog low pass filter 1 kHz; Brain Products GmbH, Germany). These were connected to the waveguard™ EEG cap (ANT Neuro, Netherland) with Ag-AgCl electrodes. Electrode impedances were kept below 5 kOhm. The reference and ground electrodes were affixed to the ear lobes. EEG data were recorded using a BrainVision Recorder software (Brain Products GmbH, Germany).

Five minutes of resting-state EEG was recorded in a dim-lighted, sound-attenuated, and electrically shielded room while participants were comfortably seated in the upright position. Before the start of the recording session, participants were instructed to stay still with their eyes closed, not to think about anything in particular, and not to fall asleep. Right after the EEG recording session, participants completed the Lithuanian version of the ARSQ, where they had to retrospectively rate the statements about the emotions and thoughts from 1 (completely disagree) to 5 (completely agree).
EEG data were collected using 64 Silver/Silver Chloride electrodes placed according to the international 10–10 system and mounted on an elastic WaveGuard EEG cap and EEG equipment (ANT Neuro, The Netherlands). All electrodes were referenced against mastoids (M1 and M2) and a ground electrode was attached close to Fz. The impedance of the electrodes was kept below 20 kΩ. Two pairs of additional electrodes (VEOG and HEOG) were used. VEOG were placed above and below the right eye to record vertical eye movements, while HEOG were placed approximately 2 cm from the right and left outer canthi to record horizontal eye movements. Data were recorded with a sampling rate of 2048 Hz.