Acetonitrile (ACN), acetone, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), trichloroacetic acid (TCA), DL-dithiothreitol (DTT), iodoacetamide (IAA), glycine, EDTA, Tris, endonuclease, phosphoprotease and protease inhibitors, lanthanum chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, Coomassie Blue G-250 were purchased from Sigma (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA); urea, CHAPS, SDS, glycerol, acrylamide, ampholine, and Ficoll-Paque™ were purchased from GE Healthcare (Uppsala, Sweden); Agarose, Pro-Q® Diamond dye, SYPRO® Ruby and PeppermintStick™ Phosphoprotein Molecular Weight Standards were from Invitrogen™ (Carlsbad, CA, USA); piperazine di-acrylamide (PDA), TEMED, Bio Rad Protein Assay, IPG strips, were from Bio-Rad Laboratories (Hercules, CA, USA). Trypsin (sequencing grade modified) was from Promega (Madison, WI, USA). All solvents used were Ultra-Resi-Analyzed grade.
Lanthanum chloride
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Poland, Germany
Lanthanum chloride is an inorganic chemical compound with the formula LaCl3. It is a colorless, crystalline solid that is commonly used in various laboratory applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Nitric acid, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Glycine, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Nifedipine, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Ethanol, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Urea, by GE Healthcare (2 mentions)
Agarose, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Ampholine, by GE Healthcare (2 mentions)
Sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds), by GE Healthcare (2 mentions)
Pro q diamond dye, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Peppermintstick phosphoprotein molecular weight standard, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Acrylamide, by GE Healthcare (2 mentions)
Chaps, by GE Healthcare (2 mentions)
Glycerol, by GE Healthcare (2 mentions)
Sypro ruby, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Coomassie blue g 250, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Ficoll paque, by GE Healthcare (2 mentions)
Iodoacetamide, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Dl dithiothreitol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
23 protocols using lanthanum chloride
1
Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis Reagents
2
Calcium Signaling Pathway Modulation
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The chemical reagents used in this study are as follows: 100 μM nifedipine (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO; N7634); 500 μM gadolinium chloride (Sigma-Aldrich, G7532); 10 μM SKF96365 (Sigma-Aldrich, S7809); 1 M EGTA (Sigma-Aldrich, E4378); 500 μM lanthanum chloride (Sigma-Aldrich, L4131); 2 μM ω-Agatoxin IVA (Tocris, Bristol, UK; 2799); 2 μM SNX 482 (Tocris, 2799); 10 μM ω-Conotoxin GVIA (Alomone Labs, C-300); 10 μM U0126 (Sigma-Aldrich, U120); 50 mM potassium chloride (Sigma-Aldrich, P3911); 100 nM AP24534 (Tocris, 4274); 25 μM trifluoperazine dihydrochloride (Sigma Aldrich, T8516).
The following plasmids were purchased from Addgene: pGP-CMV-GCaMP6s was a gift from Douglas Kim (Addgene plasmid # 40753)33 (link); pGP-CMV-GCaMP6s-CAAX was a gift from Tobias Meyer (Addgene plasmid # 52228)34 (link); AAV-CAG-GFP was a gift from Karel Svoboda (Addgene plasmid # 28014)35 (link). The generation procedures for ERK1-dTomato construct were described previously36 (link). AAV-CAG-GCaMP6s-CAAX was cloned by replacing the GFP sequence in the AAV-CAG-GFP vector with GCaMP6s-CAAX PCR amplicon flanked BamHI/HindIII restriction sites. pHelper, and pAAV-RC1 plasmids were purchased from Cell Biolabs. RaichuEV-HRas FRET biosensor was kindly gifted from Dr. M. Matsuda (Kyoto University).
The following plasmids were purchased from Addgene: pGP-CMV-GCaMP6s was a gift from Douglas Kim (Addgene plasmid # 40753)33 (link); pGP-CMV-GCaMP6s-CAAX was a gift from Tobias Meyer (Addgene plasmid # 52228)34 (link); AAV-CAG-GFP was a gift from Karel Svoboda (Addgene plasmid # 28014)35 (link). The generation procedures for ERK1-dTomato construct were described previously36 (link). AAV-CAG-GCaMP6s-CAAX was cloned by replacing the GFP sequence in the AAV-CAG-GFP vector with GCaMP6s-CAAX PCR amplicon flanked BamHI/HindIII restriction sites. pHelper, and pAAV-RC1 plasmids were purchased from Cell Biolabs. RaichuEV-HRas FRET biosensor was kindly gifted from Dr. M. Matsuda (Kyoto University).
3
Comprehensive Reagent Preparation Protocol
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Reagents (acetonitrile, triethylamine, sulfuric acid, Taka-Diastase, potassium ferricyanide, ethyl acetate, pyrogallol, ethanol, isobutanol, potassium hydroxide, orthophosphoric acid, methanol, nitric acid, lanthanum chloride, meta-phosphoric acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Poznań, Poland).
4
Evaluating Ion Channel Blockers on Eggs
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Amiloride hydrochloride (Amiloride hydrochloride hydrate 95%, 2016-88-8), Ouabain octahydrate (Ouabain octahydrate 95% 11018-89-6), Lanthanum chloride (Lanthanum(III) chloride anhydrous, beads, −10 mesh, 99.9% trace metals basis, 10099-58-8) and Verapamil hydrochloride (Verapamil hydrochloride ≥99% (titration), powder, 152-11-4), purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC. Sweden, were used as ion channel blockers. Deionized distilled water (Milli Q water purification system, Millipore) was used for preparation of stock solutions (10 mM) and experimental solutions. For logistic reasons, only one concentration (0.1 mM) was used within each inhibitor treatment. This concentration was chosen based on those commonly used in the literature in ion channel studies29 (link)30 (link)31 32 (link). Inhibitor stock solutions were prepared fresh, immediately prior to the experiment. 160 eggs from each family were used for each inhibitor treatment, resulting in a total of 3 000 eggs for the following experiment.
5
Calcium Signaling Pathway Modulation in Cell Culture
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DMEM:F12 was obtained from Corning, and fetal bovine serum, horse serum, antibiotics, TNFα, human EGF and human bFGF was obtained from GIBCO. Nifedipine, methoxyverapamil hydrochloride (D-600), lanthanum chloride, Bapta-AM, caffeine, dantrolene, Stattic, Synta66, EGTA, BSA, cycloheximide and collagenase were obtained from Sigma-Merck; papain was obtained from Worthington Biochemicals. Dexamethasone, 2-APB, 5′-N-Ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA), ATPγS, NNC55-0396, 78c (CD38 inhibitor), xestospongin C, FK506 and ryanodine were purchased from Tocris. Insulin and 8BrcADPr were obtained from Santa Cruz. Fura-2 AM was obtained from Invitrogen. All the lipophilic drugs were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (ethanol in the case of xestospongin C). The final concentration of the solvent was ≤0.1%.
6
Spinal Cord Slice Preparation and Patch-Clamp Recordings
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The dissecting solution for the spinal cord slice preparation was composed of (in mM) 252 Sucrose, 2.5 KCl, 0.1 CaCl2, 2 MgCl2, 10 Glucose, 26 NaHCO3, and 1.25 NaH2PO4. The extracellular fluid used for the patch-clamp recording contained (in mM) 117 NaCl, 3.6 KCl, 2.5 CaCl2, 1.2 MgCl2, 1.2 NaH2PO4, 25 NaHCO3, and 11 glucose. It was continually aerated with 95% O2/5% CO2, which kept the pH at approximately 7.4. The pipette (internal) solution contained (in mM) 150 K-Glu, 10 Hepes, 5 KCl, 0.1 EGTA, 2 Mg-ATP, and 0.3 Na GTP. The pH was adjusted to 7.3 by KOH. 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazole[4,3-α]quinoxaline-1-one (ODQ) and glibenclamide were dissolved in DMSO to prepare a stock solution. SNP, hemoglobin (Hb), 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide potassium salt (c-PTIO), phenyl N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN), ODQ, lanthanum chloride, cesium chloride, charybdotoxin (CTX), tetraethylammonium (TEA), glibenclamide, apamin, and n-ethylmaleimide (NEM) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
7
Extracting Trace Metals Using HDEHP
8
Cellular Staining and Analysis
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MS-222, collagenase, penicillin-streptomycin, Ficoll, salmon DNA, HEPES, lanthanum chloride, ruthenium red, glycine, neocuproine, and ethidium bromide were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. DAPI was obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific. YO-PRO-1 iodide was acquired from Invitrogen.
9
Synthesis and Characterization of UCNPs
10
Magnesium Content Analysis by AAS
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Mg content was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), acetylene-air flame technique with Zeeman background correction. The determination was carried out using the Z-2000 instrument (Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan). Before the analysis, all of the analyzed samples were diluted, depending on the declared content of the tested element. Lanthanum chloride (1% LaCl3, Sigma-Aldrich, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) was used as the sequestering agent. The assay was performed at a wavelength of 285.2 nm and 7.5 mA current lamps. The concentration was read from the curve prepared using a 1 mg/mL Mg standard solution for AAS (Merck, Germany). The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.26 mg/kg and 0.78 mg/kg, respectively.
The conducted research did not require the approval of the Bioethics Committee of the Medical University of Bialystok.
The conducted research did not require the approval of the Bioethics Committee of the Medical University of Bialystok.
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