Fd 10

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany

The FD-10 is a laboratory freeze dryer designed for efficient lyophilization of samples. It features a compact, benchtop design and is capable of handling a variety of sample sizes and types. The FD-10 is engineered to provide reliable and consistent performance in the drying process.

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Lab products found in correlation

Dmi6000 cs, by Leica (1 mentions) Tcs sp5, by Leica (1 mentions) Multimode reader, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions) Cytopainter phalloidin ifluor 488, by Abcam (1 mentions) Fluorescein isothiocyanate fitc dextran, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Fluoroshield mounting medium, by Abcam (1 mentions) Lucifer yellow, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Propidium iodide, by Abcam (1 mentions) Phosphate buffered saline (pbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Rpmi 1640 medium, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)

5 protocols using fd 10

Membrane Permeabilization Assay with GUVs

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GUVs were mixed with the
buffer (10 mM MES, 150 mM NaCl, pH 6.5, or 20 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl,
pH 8.0), fluorescent dextran of 10 kDa in size (Sigma; FD10, final
concentration of 1 mg/mL) and proteins in the following combinations:
50 nM Y406A alone, 5 μM D22M alone or premixed 50 nM Y406A +
5 μM D22M. Mixtures were incubated for 30 min at room temperature
before imaging. Images were recorded on DMI6000 CS inverted microscope
with TCS SP5 laser scanning system (both Leica Microsystems, Germany)
with a 63 × oil-immersion objective (numerical aperture = 1.4).
The rhodamine-containing GUV membrane was excited at 550 nm, and emission
was detected from 570 to 600 nm. FD10 were excited at 488 nm, and
emission was detected from 497 to 527 nm. Percent of permeabilization
was calculated from green channel fluorescent intensities in ImageJ
software, namely fluorescent intensities inside the vesicles were
divided by background intensities outside the vesicles. For each condition
50 to 500 GUVs were analyzed.

Omersa N., Aden S., Kisovec M., Podobnik M, & Anderluh G. (2020). Design of Protein Logic Gate System Operating on Lipid Membranes. ACS Synthetic Biology, 9(2), 316-328.

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Evaluating H. pylori Cell Membrane Damage

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FITC-FD was mainly used to evaluate the degree of H. pylori cell membrane damage after treatment with Lla-Met. The process was performed as previously described[20 (link)]. Briefly, G27 bacterial suspension (1 × 10⁸ CFU/mL) at the logarithmic phase was incubated with Lla-Met (16 μg/ML) for 2 h, centrifuged, and the pellet was suspended in sterile PBS. The cell suspension was protected from light with FIFC-labeled glucan FD4, about 4.0 kDa, with a diameter of 1.4 nm (Sigma, United States) and FD10, about 10.1 kDa, with a diameter of 2.3 nm (Sigma, United States), both at a final concentration of 100 μg/mL. After 30 min of incubation at 37 °C, the unbound fluorescent dye was washed off with sterile PBS. The cells were suspended in sterile PBS. Finally, the fluorescence influx of FD4 and FD10 was detected at the excitation and emission wavelengths of 495 nm and 520 nm, respectively, by a multimode reader (BioTek, America).

Zhou W.T., Dai Y.Y., Liao L.J., Yang S.X., Chen H., Huang L., Zhao J.L, & Huang Y.Q. (2023). Linolenic acid-metronidazole inhibits the growth of Helicobacter pylori through oxidation. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 29(32), 4860-4872.

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Aloe vera-Chitosan Biomaterial Studies

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Dehydrated Aloe vera gel powder 200X (Dalton Max 700^® gel) and whole leaf, decolourised, spray-dried Aloe vera powder 100X (whole-leaf extract) were kindly donated by Improve USA. Inc. (De Soto, TX, USA). Chitosan (ChitoClear^® with a degree of deacetylation of 96% and viscosity of 8 cP for a 1% solution) was purchased from Primex (Siglufjordur, Iceland). Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran with molecular weight (MW) of 4 kDa (FD-4), 10 kDa (FD-10), 20 kDa (FD-20), and 40 kDa (FD-40), as well as Lucifer Yellow, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich/Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). CytoPainter^® Phalloidin iFluor 488 and Fluoroshield^® mounting medium, with propidium iodide, were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA).

Haasbroek A., Willers C., Glyn M., du Plessis L, & Hamman J. (2019). Intestinal Drug Absorption Enhancement by Aloe vera Gel and Whole Leaf Extract: In Vitro Investigations into the Mechanisms of Action. Pharmaceutics, 11(1), 36.

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Intestinal Permeability Assay Using FITC-Dextran

Cited 1 time

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The permeability of the terminal ileum was tested in a manner similar to previously described techniques(11 (link), 15 (link), 16 (link)). After the animals were sacrificed as described above, 1 to 1.5 cm sections of ileum were removed from the mesentery and filled with 10 mg/mL of 10kD fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FD-10, Sigma-Aldrich) mixed in phosphate buffered saline (Invitrogen). An adjacent loop of intestine was filled with FD-10 in PBS supplemented with 50 μg/mL LPS. The ends of the loops were secured with 5-0 silk suture and the loops were placed in 35 mm tissue culture treated dishes (Cell Treat, Shirley, MA) and filled with 2 mL of RPMI 1640 medium (Invitrogen) with 10% vol/vol heat inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS). Loops were incubated for 1 hour in a cell culture incubator at 37°C and 5% CO₂. Afterwards, 200 uL of the bathing solution was removed for measurement of translocation of FD-10. Fluorescence and concentration of FD-10 in the bathing solution was determined by a standard curve of known amounts of FD-10, normalized to intestinal length in millimeters.

Heinzerling N.P., Liedel J.L., Welak S.R., Fredrich K., Biesterveld B.E., Pritchard KA J.r, & Gourlay D.M. (2014). Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase Is Protective to the Preterm Rat Pup Intestine. Journal of pediatric surgery, 49(6), 954-960.

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Transdermal Permeation of Compounds

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Materials Medium molecular weight acids, PSAs (M.W. 4.3 kDa, PSA-4 and M.W. 10 kDa PSA-10) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.). Medium molecular weight non-electrolytes, FDs (M.W. 3-5 kDa, FD-4 and M.W. 10 kDa, FD-10) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. In addition, low molecular weight acids, fluorescein sodium salt (FL-Na) and sodium 4-ethylbenzenesulfonate (ES) were purchased from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation (Osaka, Japan) and Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan), respectively. Low molecular weight non-electrolyte, isosorbide 5-mononitrate (ISMN) was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Table 1 summarizes these structural formulas and molecular weights.
Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC, grade H) used as a formulation base was purchased from Nippon Soda Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Other solvents and reagents were of special or HPLC grade without purification.
The ear skin from edible pigs was used in the experiment. The porcine ears were purchased from the Central Research Institute for Agricultural Feed and Livestock (Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan) and stored frozen at -30 °C until use.

Sugibayashi K., Futaki M., Hashimoto M., Fukuhara A., Matsumoto K., Oshizaka T., Itakura S, & Todo H. (2021). Effect of Iontophoresis on the Intradermal Migration Rate of Medium Molecular Weight Drugs. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 69(7).

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