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9 protocols using planapo n 60

1

Fluorescence Microscopy Imaging Protocol

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Samples were imaged using either DIC or epifluorescence on an Olympus IX81 inverted microscope. Fluorescence signal was acquired using a 485(20)-nm (fluorescein) or a 560(25)-nm (Alexa Fluor 594) excitation filter combined with a 525(30)-nm or a 607(36)-nm emission filter, respectively. Excitation light (Metal-Halide X-Cite 120) and emission wavelengths are split using a 4X4M-B quadriband dichroic mirror (Semrock). Oil immersion objectives 60× [Olympus PlanAPON60, 1.42 numerical aperture (NA)] or 100× (Olympus UPLFLN, 1.3 NA) were used for imaging, and a Hamamatsu Orca Flash4.0-V2 sCMOS (scientific Complementary Metal-Oxyde Semiconductor) 2048 × 2048 camera was used for detection. The acquisition and data analysis were performed with Volocity (Quorum Technologies) software.
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2

Super-Resolution Imaging of GFP-NbMCTP7 in Leaves

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For 3D structured illumination microscopy (3D‐SIM), an epidermal peal was removed from a GFP‐NbMCTP7‐expressing leaf and mounted in perfluorocarbon PP11 106 under a high‐precision (170 μm ± 5 μm) coverslip (Marie Enfield). The sample chamber was sealed with non‐toxic Exaktosil N 21 (Bredent, Germany). 3D‐SIM images were obtained using a GE Healthcare/Applied Precision OMX v4 BLAZE with a 1.42NA Olympus PlanApo N 60× oil‐immersion objective. GFP was excited with a 488 nm laser and imaged with emission filter 504–552 nm (528/48 nm). SR images were captured using DeltaVision OMX software 3.70.9220.0. SR reconstruction, channel alignment and volume rendering were done using softWoRx V. 7.0.0.
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3

High-Resolution Imaging System Protocol

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High-resolution imaging was performed using a General Electric (Boston, MA) DeltaVision Elite imaging system mounted on an Olympus (Japan) IX71 stand with a motorized XYZ stage, Ultimate Focus, cage incubator, ultrafast solid-state illumination with excitation/emission filter sets for DAPI, CFP, FITC, GFP, YFP, TRITC, mCherry, and Cy5, critical illumination, Olympus PlanApo N 60 ×/1.42 NA DIC (oil) and UPlanSApo 60 ×/1.3 NA DIC (silicone) objectives, Photometrics (Tucson, AZ) CoolSNAP HQ2 camera, SoftWoRx software with constrained iterative deconvolution, and vibration isolation table.
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4

Confocal Microscopy Imaging and Uncaging

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Imaging was performed on an Olympus IX83 confocal laser-scanning microscope at 37 °C in a 5% CO2 high humidity atmosphere (EMBL incubation box). Imaging was performed using an Olympus Plan-APON × 60 (numerical aperture 1.4, oil) objective. The images were acquired utilizing a Hamamatsu C9100-50 EM CCD camera. Image acquisition was performed via FluoView imaging software, version 4.2. The green channel was imaged using the 488 nm laser line (120 mW cm−2) at 3% laser power and a 525/50 emission mirror. The red channel was imaged using the 559 nm laser (120 mW cm−2) at 2.0% laser power and a 643/50 emission filter. A pulsed 375 nm laser line (10 MHz) was applied for uncaging experiments. For uncaging experiments, circular regions of interest of 4–10 μm diameter were pre-defined. Pre-activation images were captured for five frames (5 s per frame), followed by 30 s of activation within the regions of interest. Recovery images were captured for 35 min at a frame rate of 5 s per frame.
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5

Multi-modal Microscopy Techniques for Cellular Interactions

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A TIRF system (Olympus) was configured on a microscope (IX81). TIRF objective lenses (UAPON 100×, NA 1.49, oil; Olympus), dual excitation lasers, diode-pumped solid-state 488-nm and 561-nm laser systems (85BCD020 and 85YCA020; Melles Griot), and a charge-coupled device camera (ORCA flash4.0; Hamamatsu Photonics) were used. Dual-color videos were taken every 5 s for 10 min using Metamorph software (Molecular Devices). The images of the interaction between T cells and activated B cells that had been stimulated with LPS for 24 h were taken every 10 s using the IX81 microscope with an oil objective lens (Plan APO N 60×, NA 1.45; Olympus) under illumination with a Hg lamp. The intracellular calcium concentrations were also measured by using the IX81 microscope with Hg lamp illumination and an oil objective lens (UPlanAPO 40×, NA 1.00; Olympus). A microscope (TCS SP5; Leica Biosystems) with an oil immersion objective (HCX PL APO 100×, NA 1.44; Leica Biosystems) was used for fixed and stained samples. For detecting micro–adhesion rings formed in the cell–cell interaction, a hybrid detector (HyD; Leica Biosystems) was used to improve image quality.
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6

Real-Time Live-Cell Imaging

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Cells were cultured in poly-L-lysine-coated 35-mm glass bottom dishes (Matsunami). Before observation, the DNA was counterstained with Hoechst 33342 for 15 min, followed by replacing the medium with phenol red-free DMEM containing 10% FBS, 2 mM L-glutamine, and 20 mM HEPES. Time-lapse observation was performed using a Delta Vision microscope (Applied Precision) equipped with a CO2 chamber set at 37°C. A 1.42 NA PlanApo N 60× oil immersion objective (Olympus) was used to observe cells at 3-min time intervals.
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7

Immunofluorescence Staining of MEFs and T24 Cells

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MEFs and T24 cells grown on coverslips were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS for 15 min and permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 20 min. The cells were blocked in PBST containing 0.4% bovine serum albumin (BSA) for 30 min and then incubated with primary antibodies in PBST. The coverslips were incubated with secondary antibodies in PBST for 1 h. Images were acquired with an FV1000 (Olympus) confocal microscope equipped with a PlanApo N 60× (numerical aperture [NA], 1.42; oil) or a UPlanApo 100× (NA, 1.40; oil) lens.
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8

FRAP Analysis of GFP-SUN2 Dynamics

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For the FRAP experiments, HeLa cells were transfected with siRNAs or siNC and plated on a glass-bottom dish (Mat-Tek). After 24 h, cells were transfected with GFP-SUN2. Experiments were performed on a confocal microscope (FV-1000; Olympus) with a PlanApoN 60 (NA = 1.4) oil-immersion objective. After 2 images were obtained (0.2% 488 nm laser transmission), a rectangular region of the nuclear envelope was bleached (100% 488 nm laser transmission), and a further 60 images (10 s intervals) were collected using the original settings. Fluorescence intensity was measured using Metamorph (Molecular Devices, San Jose, CA, USA).
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9

Poly-L-Lysine Microscopy Sample Preparation

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The samples were incubated for 30 min in plates treated with poly-L-Lysine (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, the United State). After treatment with PFA (4% in PBS), the samples were washed twice with PBS. Finally, the samples were observed with a confocal laser-scanning microscope Olympus FV1000 using a PlanApo N (60 × 1.42 NA) oil objective.
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