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7 protocols using m 2 me

1

T Cell Proliferation Assay Protocol

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Single-cell suspensions were generated from spleens, and CD8 or CD4 T cells purified by negative selection using magnetic beads (Dynabeads, Invitrogen or BioMag, Qiagen). Enrichment of cells was verified by flow cytometry. Purified T cells were labelled with Cell Trace Violet (CTV) (Molecular Probes, OR, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. In vitro stimulation assays were performed by plating cells at 104 cells per well in RPMI 1640 medium containing 10% (v/v) heat-inactivated FCS (Sigma-Aldrich, MO, USA), 5×10−5 M 2-ME (Sigma-Aldrich), 100 µg/mL streptomycin and 100 U/mL penicillin (Invitrogen Life Technologies) into anti-CD3-coated (10 µg/mL, clone KT3-1-1) 96-well plates. Recombinant mouse IL-2 (20 ng/mL) was also added to wells. Cells were harvested at different timepoints, propidium iodide (2 µg/mL) and 5000 of Sphero Nile Red Fluorescent Particles (BD Biosciences) added per well and cell division analysed by flow cytometry. Each sample was analysed in duplicate.
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2

Isolation and Culture of NK Cells from Healthy and CD Patients

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Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy volunteers (20–60 years of age), patients with CD (25–60 years of age), and patients with CD taking 6-MP (25–58 years of age) were isolated using SepMate™ and Lymphoprep™ (Stemcell Technologies, Vancouver, BC, Canada) density gradient medium according to the manufacturer’s protocol. NK cells were purified from PBMCs by negative selection technique using EasySep™ (Stemcell Technologies) human NK cell enrichment kit according to the manufacturer’s protocol. The purity of isolated NK and T cells were confirmed by flow cytometry to be above 90%.
Cultures of NK cells were performed in complete medium composed of RPMI-1640, 10% heat inactivated FBS, 100 IU mL−1 penicillin and 100 μg mL−1 streptomycin, 2 mM L-glutamine, 10 mM HEPES buffer (Cellgro, Manassas, VA), 5 × 10−5 M 2-ME (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), and 1 ng mL−1 (13 IU) recombinant human IL-2 (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) [31 (link)]. NK cells were cultured at 5–10 × 104 cells mL−1 in 96-well plates for 24–72 h. For cell survival and Rac-1 assays, cells were cultured with 5–25 μM of 6-MP (Sigma Aldrich), 5–10 μM of 6-TG (Sigma Aldrich), or 100 μM of Rac1 inhibitor ITX-3 (Sigma Aldrich) to mimic physiologic levels of 6-MP and 6-TG as previously described [26 (link)].
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3

Peritoneal Macrophage Isolation and TNFα Assay

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Thioglycollate (4 mL; 3%) was injected into the peritoneal cavity of C57BL/6 mice. Peritoneal exudate cells (PECs) were collected from the peritoneal cavity 4 days after injection [26 (link)]. PECs were washed, re-suspended, and cultured (24 h at 37 °C in a 5% CO2 and air mixture) at a density of 106 cells/plate on 35 mm culture plates in RPMI-1640 medium containing 10% BSA (Sigma-Aldrich), 1 × 10−5 M 2-ME (Sigma-Aldrich), 10 mM HEPES, 0.1 mM non-essential amino acid, 1 mM sodium pyruvate, 100 U/mL penicillin, and 100 μg/mL streptomycin (BioWhittaker). The culture supernatants were then assayed for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα).
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4

Mast Cell Transplantation in Mice and Rats

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As described previously (54 (link)), BM cells isolated from femora and tibiae were cultured in α-MEM with 10–4 M 2-ME (Sigma-Aldrich), 10% FCS, and 10% pokeweed mitogen-stimulated spleen conditioned medium for 4 to 8 weeks. BMCMCs (106 cells/20 μl) obtained from WT mice, EGFP-transgenic mice, or mMCP6-deficient mice were injected i.p. in pups on P1 or P2. For rat experiments, peritoneal mast cells (106 cells/20 μl) obtained from WT rats were injected following the same protocol.
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5

Immortalized Dendritic Cell Line DC3.2 for Cross-Presentation Studies

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DC3.2 is a J2 virus-immortalized dendritic cell line (13 (link)). A particular DC3.2 clone (with Renilla luciferase) was used for all experiments in this study as this clone has very strong cross-presentation and MHC class II presentation, as compared to other clones. RF33.70 is a T cell hybridoma that recognizes the ovalbumin (OVA) peptide OVA257–264 in the context of H2-Kb (14 (link)). MF2.2D9 is a T cell hybridoma that recognizes OVA258–276 in the context of I-Ab (13 (link)). RF33.70 and MF2.2D9 were transduced with lentivirus containing NFAT-luciferase. NIH-3T3 cells were stably transfected with the mouse H2-Kb molecule. A549 and MCF7 were kindly provided by Leslie Shaw (UMass), and the D53m and H50m mouse MCA-induced sarcoma lines were kindly provided by Robert Schreiber (Wash U, St. Louis). The MCA-induced sarcoma lines were grown in R10 media and all other cell lines were grown in RPMI 1640 (Gibco) supplemented with 10% FBS (Hyclone), 1% NEAA (Gibco), 1% HEPES (Gibco), 1% Antibiotic-Antimycotic (Gibco), and 5 × 10−5 M 2-ME (Sigma). The MCF7 growth media was also supplemented with 10μg/mL insulin. Antibiotic selection for CRISPR-Cas9 knockout cells was done for two weeks in media containing 5μg/mL blasticidin (Invivogen). All cells were grown in a 10% CO2 atmosphere at 37°C.
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6

Murine Antigen-Specific T Cell Assay

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Mice were immunized sub-cutaneously (s.c.) with 20 nmol hen egg-white lysozyme (HEL) emulsified in complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) (Difco). After 7 days, draining lymph nodes cells were harvested, and 0.5-1 × 106 cells were plated in triplicate with medium only, varying concentrations of HEL, or purified protein derivative (PPD) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for 4 days in RPMI 1640 (Life Technologies) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (PAA), 5×10−5 M 2-ME (Sigma-Aldrich), 2mM GlutaMAX (Life Technologies), 1mM sodium pyruvate (Cellgro), 0.1mM non-essential amino acids (Lonza), 25mM HEPES buffer (Cellgro), and 50μg/mL gentamicin (Life Technologies), with 0.4μCi tritiated thymidine ([3H]TdR) added for the last 24 h of culture. Assays were harvested on a Skatron cell harvester and counted using a LKB (Pharmacia/LKB) β plate counter.
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7

Peripheral Blood Immune Response to Infliximab

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Peripheral venous blood (20 mL) was collected into a heparinized tube before and 1 week after infliximab infusion in BD patients with or without recurrent uveitis during at least 1 year of infliximab therapy, and from healthy controls at any time. PBMCs were isolated immediately by density gradient centrifugation (Ficoll-Hypaque; Pharmacia Biotech, Shanghai, China) and suspended at 2 × 106 cells/mL in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10 mM HEPES, 0.1 mM non-essential amino acids, 1 mM sodium pyruvate, 100 U/mL penicillin, 100 μg/mL streptomycin (all from BioWhittaker, Walkersville, MD), 1 × 10−5 M 2-ME (Sigma Chemical Co., St Louis, MO), and 10% fetal calf serum (Sigma Chemical Co.).
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