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6 protocols using mouse collagen 4

1

Trophoblast Invasion Assay

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Trophoblast invasion was measured using 12 mm Transwell inserts with 12 μm pores (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). The inserts were pre-coated with rat-collagen I, mouse-collagen IV, mouse-laminin, and human-fibronectin (BD-Biosciences, Bedford, MA, USA), and placed into a 24-well plate containing DMEM supplemented with 10% (v/v) fetal calf serum (FCS, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Rockford, IL, USA).
Primary first trimester trophoblasts (5 × 104 per Transwell) were pre-labeled with 3[H]-5-methyl-thymidine (GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL, USA) overnight. Subsequently, cells were resuspended in DMEM without FCS and seeded in the upper chamber of the inserts in absence (control) or presence of 25 mM D-glucose (hyperglycemia) or 5.5 mM D-glucose + 19.5 mM D-mannitol (osmotic control) as described above. After 48 h, cells in the upper chamber were detached using Trypsin-EDTA. The membrane of the insert containing the invading cells was carefully removed with a scalpel and added to the medium in the lower chamber. In both fractions, radioactive disintegrations were counted in a scintillation counter (Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA, USA). The invasion index was calculated as counts per minute (cpm) in the lower chamber and the membrane divided by the total cpm (upper chamber + lower chamber + membrane).
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2

Integrin β1 Mediated Cell Adhesion

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Transfected cells (105 cells/well) were seeded on 48-well tissue culture plates coated with mouse collagen IV (5 μg/mL, catalog no. 35233; BD Biosciences) or 1% BSA and incubated in serum-free medium for 3 h. Nonadhered cells were removed and adhered cells were thoroughly washed. In brief, three to five random fields were imaged per well under a microscope (Eclipse Ti; Nikon). The number of cells that attached and spread were counted in NIS-Elements BR 3.0 (Nikon). For blocking experiments, transfected cells were preincubated with 5 μg/mL of integrin β1 blocking antibody (catalog no. ab24693; Abcam) or isoform control antibody IgG1 (catalog no. 401403; Biolegend) for 1 h before they were seeded on the plate.
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3

Single-Cell Exocytosis on Microelectrode Array

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Mouse collagen IV (BD Biosciences, Bedford, MA BD chemicals,
stock solution 1 mg/mL) was used for coating the surface area of the
PDMS chamber. A cell was then seeded in the SU-8 microwell on top
of a MEA, and the cell medium was added in the PDMS well on the glass
wafer for cell culture. Here we incubate about 2 mL of collagen IV
solution (1 μg/mL) in this PDMS well for 8 h. Then the PDMS
well was washed three times with 1× sterile Dulbecco’s
phosphate-buffered saline without calcium and magnesium. Cells were
then deposited into the PDMS chamber on the MEA device by adding 2
mL of PC12 cell suspension (about 104 cells/mL). After
loading cells on the PDMS chamber, a glass micropipet (tip diameter
about 5 μm) was used to pick up an individual cell and place
it into the microwell. Then the device was placed in the sterile incubator
for cell culture. Briefly, the cells were maintained and cultured
as previously described.21 (link),27 (link) For stimulated single-cell
exocytosis experiments, single cells were grown in the well on the
MEAs for 1–2 days before experiments, and the cell media was
replaced every day.
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4

Quantifying Cell Adhesion on Collagen IV

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Ninety-six-well plate were coated with 10 μg/mL mouse collagen IV (BD Biosciences inc., San Jose, CA) for 30 min at 37 °C. Wells were then washed with 1 mg/mL BSA DMEM and blocked for 1 h with 5 mg/mL BSA DMEM at 37 °C, 5% CO2. Subsequently, cells were seeded into wells (2 × 104 per well) and allowed to adhere for 30 min. Wells were washed four times with 1 mg/mL BSAin DMEM and adherent cells were fixed, stained with crystal violet, and dried overnight. Cells were then counted with ImageJ software (https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/, 1997–2018).
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5

In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier Coculture

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In vitro BBB model was built with rat astrocytes and HUVECs cocultured through Transwell porous polycarbonate 8 μm membrane (inner well), in 24 well plates (outer well) (Corning). The day before the preparation of the BBB model, the polycarbonate membrane was coated with 100 μL of collagen IV at a concentration of 33 μg/mL (mouse collagen, IV, BD Biosciences) for 1 h at room temperature (RT), then washed three times with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) without CaCl2 and MgCl2 (Gibco), and incubated in complete medium (100 μL in the inner well and 600 μL in the outer well) for 24 hours at 37°C in humidified atmosphere with 5% CO2. Astrocytes (200.000 cells) were seeded on the bottom side of the polycarbonate membrane insert, upside-down in humidified chamber for 1 hour. After that, the Transwell insert was inverted in a 24 well cell culture cluster (Costar, Corning Incorporated) in DMEM complete medium and placed over night at 37°C in humidified atmosphere with 5% CO2. After 24 hours, HUVECs (200.000 cells) were plated on the upper side of polycarbonate membrane and cultured in EBM complete medium. Astrocytes and HUVECs were than cocultured in EBM complete medium for four days before being used in transmigration experiments.
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6

Culturing Human Skin Cell Types

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Neonatal primary human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKn, Life technologies, Paisley, UK) were cultured on mouse collagen IV (0.67 µg/cm2 BD Biosciences, Oxford, UK) coated surfaces in keratinocyte defined media containing epithelial growth factor (KDM and EpiLife, Life technologies). Differentiation was induced by shifting the cells to a high calcium media containing [1.2 mM] calcium chloride. Neonatal Human Dermal Fibroblasts (HDFn, Life technologies) were cultured in medium 106 supplemented with low serum growth supplement (Life technologies). MeWo cells were cultured in MEM (Sigma, Dorset, UK) supplemented with 10% (w/v) FBS and 1% non-essential amino acids. nTERTs cells were cultured in 3∶1 DMEM∶Ham's F12 supplemented with 10% FBS, 1% L-glutamine (200 mM) and Ready Mix Plus (0.4 µg/ml hydrocortisone, 5 µg/ml insulin, 10 ng/ml EGF, 5 µg/ml transferrin, 8.4 ng/ml cholera toxin and 13 ng/ml liothyronine). All uninfected cells were cultured at 37°C, 5% CO2.
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