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5 protocols using cerium iii nitrate hexahydrate

1

Synthesis of CeOx-MnOx/Al2O3 Catalyst

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All chemicals used in the preparation of catalytic materials are commercial and have been used without additional purification. The following chemical substances were used: cerium (III) nitrate hexahydrate (99.5% purity), manganese (II) nitrate tetrahydrate (both purchased from Acros Organics, Fair Lawn, NJ, USA), PdCl2 (99.9% purity) from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Commercially available Sasol Puralox TH100 (composition: Al2O3 with 4% La2O3) was used in this study as support for CeOx and MnOx.
Deionized water (18 MΩ × cm resistivity) was used in all the preparation steps. First, Puralox TH100 was dispersed in deionized water, followed by the dissolution of manganese and cerium nitrate salts. The molar ratio Ce/Mn/Al was 7/3/10. The pH was adjusted at 9 pH units with 25% aq. NH4OH. The mixture was heated in an autoclave 3 h at 180 °C, filtered, washed, and calcined 6 h at 500 °C (heating ramp of 6 °C/min.) After calcination, the material was grinded.
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2

Synthesis of Mixed Metal Oxides

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All chemicals in this experiment were analytical grade without further purification. Titanium(iv) isopropoxide (98+%) and cerium(iii) nitrate hexahydrate (99.5%) were purchased from Acros Organics. Ethanol absolute anhydrous (99.9%) and nickel(ii) nitrate hexahydrate (99%) were purchased from Carlo Erba. Nitric acid (65%) was provided by Acl Labscan. Deionized water was used for all preparations.
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3

Synthesis of Waste Cooking Oil-Derived Biofuel

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Commercial activated carbon (AC) derived from charcoal was obtained from Fluka. Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) was procured from USA (J.T.Baker) (95–98 wt% purity). Nickel(ii) nitrate hexahydrate (Ni(NO2)3·6H2O) with 99.0% purity and cerium(iii) nitrate hexahydrate (CeN3O9·6H2O) with 99.5% purity were obtained from Acros. Lanthanum(iii) nitrate hydrate (La(NO3)3·xH2O) with 99.9% purity, ammonium metatungstate hydrate ((NH4)6W12O39·xH2O) with ≥85.0% purity, zinc nitrate hexahydrate (N2O6Zn·6H2O) with 98.0% purity, and alkane and alkene standards n-(C8–C20) (with purity >98%) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich. Ferric nitrate nonahydrate (Fe(NO3)3·9H2O) with 98.0% purity was procured from Systerm, and manganese(ii) acetate tetrahydrate (C4H6MnO4·4H2O) with 99.0% purity was obtained from R&M Chemical company. The GC grade n-hexane (with purity >98%) was purchased from Merck. The feedstock for this study was WCO, which was directly used without further treatment and was kindly supplied by a restaurant in Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Malaysia. Table 1 summarizes the chemical properties of the crude WCO.
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4

Synthesis of Ceramic Nanomaterials

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Zinc nitrate hexa hydrate (Zn(NO3)2.6H2O), Potassium hydroxide (KOH), Cerium (III) Nitrate hexahydrate 99.5%, Zirconyle (IV) Nitrate hydrate 99.5%, Copper (III) Nitrate hemi(pentahydrate) Cu(NO3)2.2H2O) 99.9% (ACROS Organics), Hydroxyapatite commercial grade (Finceramica) were used as received. Cell culture media DMEM and Alpha MEM for MG63 and hES-MP cell lines. Trypsin-EDTA, Penicillin streptomycin and FBS were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich.
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5

Synthesis of Organic Compounds

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Paraformaldehyde was purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA), while p-cresol, methylamine (40% w/v in water), and sodium sulfate anhydrous were bought from Fluka Chemicals (Buchs, Switzerland). Cerium (III) nitrate hexahydrate (Ce(NO3)3⋅6H2O, 99.5% purity) was acquired from Acros Organics, while sodium hydroxide was obtained from Ajax Fine chemicals. The organic solvents, i.e., ethanol, dioxane, dichloromethane, diethyl ether, and propan-2-ol were supplied from RCI Labscan. All chemicals were analytical grade and used as received.
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