Jsm 6380 microscope

The seeds were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and anatomically. The hard seed coat does not require any special preparation prior to SEM due to absence of any trichomes on its surface. The seed colliculae if present are the thickenings of the outer walls of the testa cells. After sputter coating the material with gold-palladium, the SEM observations were made with a JSM–6380 microscope (JEOL Ltd., Japan) in the Laboratory of Electron Microscopy of Moscow State University. The anatomical cross-sections of seeds were prepared using a rotary microtome Microm HM 355S (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). Before sectioning, the seeds were soaked in water:alcohol:glycerin (1:1:1) solution, dehydrated in an ethanol dilution series and embedded in Technovit 7100 resin (Heraeus Kulzer, Germany). The cross-sections were observed using a Nikon Eclipse Ci microscope and photographed with a Nikon DS-Vi1 camera (Nikon Corporation, Japan) at the Department of Higher Plants (Moscow State University).
The list of samples used for the SEM is provided in Table 4.

The morphology of membranes was detected by employing a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using, JEOL JSM-6380 microscope. An Image J software (Image-Proplus, Media Cybrernetics) was used to determine the particle size and the size distribution of particles and nanofibers. A diffuse reflectance spectrum (DRS) of MOFs was recorded using UV-2550 (Shimadzu, Japan) UV-vis spectrophotometer. The crystallinity and surface area of synthesized MOFS were determined using X-ray diffractometer type Philips PW 1730 (Japan) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. The contact angle of membranes was investigated using a contact angle meter (CA-VP, Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd, Japan). The pore radius (r_m) of nanofibrous membranes is calculated as follows: where η is the water viscosity (8.9 × 10⁻⁴ Pa s), Q is the volume of the permeate pure water per unit time (m³ S⁻¹), ΔP is the operating pressure (0.2 MPa), A is the membrane effective area (m²), l is the thickness of the membrane (m) and ε is the porosity of the membrane which is defined as follows: where W₁ is the weight of the wet membrane, W₂ is the weight of the dry membrane and d_w is the water density (0.998 g cm⁻³).