Milli q a10 biocel water purification system

All materials were obtained from commercial suppliers and used without further purification, unless otherwise noted. Starch-coated D-MNPs (50 mg/mL) were purchased from Chemicell GmbH (Berlin, Germany). β-glucosidase was sourced from Fisher Scientific (MP Biomedicals, Solon, OH, USA). Lacey carbon film-coated copper grids were obtained from Ted Pella (Redding, CA, USA). Iron standard (1,000 mg Fe/L) and yttrium internal standard (1,000 mg Fe/L) were purchased from GFS Chemicals (Powell, OH, USA). Methoxy PEG succinimidyl carboxymethyl ester (SC-NHS-PEG, 20 kDa) was obtained from Jenkem Technology (Beijing, People’s Republic of China). Glutaraldehyde solution (50%, w/v), 4-nitrophenyl β-D-glucopyranoside (GlcβNp), sodium phosphate (mono and dibasic), epichlorohydrin, concentrated ammonium hydroxide (containing 30% ammonia), and sodium hydroxide pellets were all obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). All deionized water used in this study was produced using a Milli-Q A10 Biocel water purification system (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA).

All materials were obtained from commercial suppliers and used without further purification, unless otherwise noted. Starch-coated fluidMAG-D magnetite (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles (D-MNP) were purchased from Chemicell^® GmbH (25 g/L, Berlin, Germany). β-Glucosidase (β-Glu), sodium periodate, sodium borohydride, 4-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (GlcβNp), and sodium phosphate (mono- and dibasic) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Milwaukee, MI, USA). NHS-PEG (20 kDa) was purchased from Laysan Bio, Inc (Alabama, USA). All deionized water (DI H₂O) used in this study was produced by a Milli-Q A10 Biocel water purification system (Millipore, Massachusetts, USA).