Rhb dye

All synthesized MOF catalysts underwent the degradation process under visible light against RhB dye (Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO, USA) to determine their photocatalytic performance. The mixture included a 5 mg catalyst, 100 mL RhB (3 × 10⁻⁵ M), and the aid of H₂O₂ (1 mL, (H₂O₂) = 2 mM). The mixture was contained in a 250 mL double-layer interlayer glass beaker. In this study, a LED lamp (40 W, Cree., Inc., Durham, NC, USA) acted as the visible light source. The suspensions were magnetically stirred for 1 h without light to balance adsorption and desorption. A volume of 4 mL solution was taken during the photodegradation process and centrifuged at 6000 rpm at regular intervals for 10 min to separate the solid material. A UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Agilent Cary 60, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) was used to measure the dye concentration and absorption at the wavelength of 554 nm.