Khm 5m

Human ATC cell lines KHM-5M and C643 were purchased from the China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCATCC, China). The C643 and KHM-5M cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum (Gibco, USA) at 37 °C in 5% CO₂ (Shanghai Medical Instruments, China). Apatinib was obtained from Hengrui Medicine Co. Ltd. (Jiangsu, China), dissolved in DMSO and diluted with 1640 medium to the desired concentration with a final DMSO concentration of 0.1% for in vitro studies. Prior to each treatment, cells were plated overnight and displayed a similar subconfluently density at the time of drug exposure. The SC79, CQ, and rapamycin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Company (St. Louis, MO, USA) and were dissolved in PBS and diluted with RPMI-1640 to the desired concentration. Bafilomycin A1 (Baf A1) was obtained from Selleck Chemicals (Houston, TX, USA).

The thyroid cancer cell lines KTC-1, BCPAP, 8505C, and KHM-5M cells were obtained from the Cell Culture Collection of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shanghai, China). The sources of the TPC-1 (a thyroid cancer cell line) and Nthy-ori 3-1 cells (an immortalized thyroid epithelial cell line) were as previously described (20 (link)). The KTC-1, BCPAP, and KHM-5M cells were cultured in Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI)-1640 (Gibco) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Gibco). The 8505C, TPC-1, and Nthy-ori 3-1 cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM; Gibco) with 10% FBS. The cells were routinely cultured at 37°C in an atmosphere containing 5% CO₂.

Human thyroid cancer cell lines CAL-62, KHM-5M, BHT-101, B-CPAP, and normal thyroid cell lines Nthy-ori-3-1 were purchased from the China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC, China). The CAL-62 and BHT-101 cells were cultured in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% and 20% fetal bovine serum (Gibco, USA) at 37°C in 5% CO2, respectively. KHM-5M, B-CPAP and Nthy-ori-3-1 were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Gibco, USA) at 37°C in 5% CO2. A total 15 of DTC patients who underwent radical thyroidectomy in Ruijin Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical College and were confirmed as DTC by postoperative histopathological examination were included in this study. All samples were obtained with the patients’ informed consent, and the samples were histologically confirmed by at least 2 pathologists independently in a double-blinded fashion.