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2 protocols using nao dye

1

Mitochondrial Content Quantification by NAO

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NAO staining has been used to measure mitochondrial content in cells. The dye binds specifically to cardiolipin in mitochondria. Neurons were seeded in a 6-well-plate and transfected as detailed above. NAO dye (400 nM, Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was added to cells at 14–16 DIVs in mKRB. Cells were stained for 30 min at 37 °C, washed with mKRB, detached mechanically by a soft scraping and suspended in mKRB at the concentration of 100,000 cells/mL. Mitochondrial mass was assessed by flow cytometry using the FACS Canto II flow cytometer (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA).
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2

Oxidative Stress, Autophagy, and Apoptosis

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High‐glucose (25 mM) Dulbecco's modified Eagle's (DMEM‐H), foetal bovine serum (FBS), antibiotics (penicillin and streptomycin), and Lipofectamine2000 were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific. Methyl viologen dichloride hydrate (paraquat, PQ), dichloro‐dihydro‐fluorescein diacetate (DCFH‐DA), DAPI, acridine orange (AO), dansylcadaverine (MDC), and NAO dye were purchased from Sigma (MO, USA). Rapamycin (RAPA) and 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA) were purchased from Selleckchem. ST2825 was purchased from MedChemExpress. All molecular biological reagents were obtained from New England Biolabs. Primary antibodies against mTOR, phosphor(P)‐mTOR, P‐p53, Drp1, Tom20, cleaved‐caspase 3, and Bcl‐2 were purchased from Cell Signalling Technology. Anti‐Ki67, phosphorylated histone H2A.X (P‐γH2A.X), CD3, and CD68, and Alexa Fluor® 488‐conjugated or Alexa Fluor® 594‐conjugated second antibody were purchased from Abcam. Anti‐LC3B, SQSTM1/P62, and MyD88 were purchased from Sigma. Anti‐Beclin 1, CDK2, GPX1, 8‐OHdG, OPA1, and Fis1 were purchased from Bioss (Woburn, MA, USA). Anti‐SOD1, p53, PARP1, NDUFB8, and UQCRFS1 were purchased from Proteintech. Secondary antibodies horseradish peroxidase‐conjugated goat anti‐rabbit or mouse IgG was purchased from ZSGB‐Bio.
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