Spss 22.0 statistical analysis software

Statistical analysis was carried out using the χ 2 with correction for continuity (Yates), Fisher's exact test was used for a small number of observations (less than 5). Statistical data processing was performed using IBM SPSS 22.0 statistical analysis software (IBM Corp., Armonk, N.Y.). The differences were considered statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05.
The use of animals in this study was approved by the Bioethics Commission of the Medical University of Karaganda (Approval No. 53, dated 03/15/2021), and the study complied with the requirements of national legislation (Ahn et al., 2021; (link)Beck et al., 2014; (link)Campbell et al., 1987; (link)Canizares et al., 2017; (link)Erdim et al., 2009; (link)Gause et al., 2014; (link)Good Laboratory Practice Standard, 2015; Kirkham et al., 2012 (link); Order of the Mi-nister…, 2020; Ozsoy et al., 2006) (link) and recommendations of the European Convention for the protection of vertebrate animals used for experiments or other scientific purposes (European Convention…, 1986).

Data are shown as frequencies and percentages for categorical variables and as mean ± standard deviation, or medians with 1st and 3rd quartiles. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used for data with skewed distributions. Analysis of variance for multiple groups was used to compare normally distributed continuous variables. Multiple Chi-square test was used to compare categorical data. If significant differences were found between multiple groups, post-hoc pairwise analysis utilizing the Student's T-test or the Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine which categories displayed significance. In all cases, missing data were not defaulted to negative and denominators reflect cases for which information was reported and available.
Risk adjustment was performed to determine the association of presenting SBP with in-hospital mortality using multivariable logistic regression model using a backward stepwise method, introducing variables with p<0.15 on univariate analysis. Odd ratios and 95% confidence intervals were provided to demonstrate the strength of association. All p-values were two-sided with values <0.05 considered statistically significant. Analyses were performed using SPSS 22.0 statistical analysis software (IBM Corporation).