The polymer matrix used in this work was Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) procured from INEOS Styrolution (Frankfurt, Germany). The ABS used was industrial grade in fine powder form, under the name Terluran Hi-10. The nanomaterial selected as a nano filler for this work was the Sigma-Aldrich Zinc Oxide (ZnO nano, 677450, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), with less than 50 nm particle size and assay >97%. The micromaterial selected as the micro-filler, was Sigma-Aldrich Zinc Oxide (ZnO micro, 96479) with an average particle size less than 5 μm and assay >99%.
Zinc oxide
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Poland, Egypt, France
Zinc oxide is a chemical compound that is a white, powdery substance. It is a common ingredient used in various laboratory equipment and materials.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Oleic acid, by Merck Group (11 mentions)
1 octadecene, by Merck Group (10 mentions)
Cadmium oxide, by Merck Group (9 mentions)
Stearic acid, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Selenium, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Acetone, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Chloroform, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Acetic acid, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Trioctylphosphine oxide, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Zinc stearate, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Oleylamine, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Toluene, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Sulfur, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Ethanol, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
L cysteine, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Titanium 4 oxide, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Sodium borohydride, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Formic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
66 protocols using zinc oxide
1
Polymer Matrix Nanocomposite Synthesis
2
Biodegradable Polymer-based Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
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The reactants used were zinc oxide (Sigma-Aldrich, Poznan, Poland, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, Nijmegen, Netherlands, ≥99.0%), N,N-Dimethylformamide(DMF) as a solvent (POCH S.A., Gliwice, Poland, pure), and sterile-filtered water for molecular biology and cell culture (Sigma-Aldrich, Poznan, Poland). The biodegradable polymers used in our study were rigid poly(l -lactide-co-d ,l -lactide) (PLDL) with a molar ratio l -lactide to d ,l -lactide of 80:20 (PURAC biochembv., Gorinchem, The Netherlands), and elastomeric polyurethane (Bayer, Leverkusen, Germany). zinc oxide in the form of nanopowder, particle size <100 nm, was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
3
Alginate-Chitosan Scaffold Fabrication
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Alginate (MW 8000, 60% mannuronic and 40% guluronic), Chitosan (MW 60, 000, DD 79%), EDAC (1, ethyl-3-3 dimethyl aminopropyl carbodiimide hydrochloride solution), thioglycolic acid (TGA), lysozyme and cysteine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Germany. Glycerol, hydrogen peroxide, iodine, safranin, crystal violet, and acetic acid were purchased from AnalaR chemicals Ltd, Poole, England. Hydroxylamine, sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide, and zinc oxide were purchased from Merck, Germany. All the solvents used were of analytical grade.
4
Synthesis and Characterization of Phosphate Esters
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All chemicals for the syntheses were purchased from commercial sources and were used without further purification: trimethyl phosphate (TMP) (97%, Sigma-Aldrich, Burlington, MA, USA), triethyl phosphate (TEP) (99%, Sigma-Aldrich), tri-n-propyl phosphate (TnPP) (99%, Sigma-Aldrich), triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) (99%, Merck Schuchardt OHG, Hohenbrunn, Germany), di-n-butyl phosphate (DBP) (97%, Sigma-Aldrich), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (BEHP) (97%, Sigma-Aldrich), zinc oxide (≥99.0%, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), zinc acetate dihydrate (ZnOAc·2H2O) (99%, Merck KGaA), calcium chloride ≥ 97.0%, Sigma-Aldrich), sodium bicarbonate (pure, POCh S.A., Gliwice, Poland), Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) (Brookfield viscosity of 5279 mPa·s at 25 °C, Sigma-Aldrich).
5
Vulcanization of Carbon Black-filled Rubber
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The ESBR and RAFT ESBR were used after coagulating latex with NaCl and H2SO4. Carbon black N330 (OCI, Korea) was used as a filler when manufacturing the carbon black-filled compound. Zinc oxide (ZnO) and stearic acid (CH3(CH2)16COOH) as additives, N-(1,3-dimethybutyl)-N’-phenyl-phenylenediamine (6PPD) as an antioxidant, sulfur, N-cyclohexyl benzothiazyl sulfenamide (CBS), and diphenyl guanidine (DPG) as vulcanization agents, were purchased from Merck, Kenilworth, NJ, USA.
Tetrahydrofuran (THF, Daejung, Korea) and n-hexane (Daejung, Busan, Korea) were used in order to remove organics from the vulcanizates prior to the swelling experiments. Toluene (Daejung, Korea) was used to confirm the crosslink density. Piperidine (Daejung, Korea), propane-2-thiol (Acros Organics, Waltham, MA, USA), and n-heptane (Samchun, Seoul, Korea) were used to destroy the vulcanizates structure.
Tetrahydrofuran (THF, Daejung, Korea) and n-hexane (Daejung, Busan, Korea) were used in order to remove organics from the vulcanizates prior to the swelling experiments. Toluene (Daejung, Korea) was used to confirm the crosslink density. Piperidine (Daejung, Korea), propane-2-thiol (Acros Organics, Waltham, MA, USA), and n-heptane (Samchun, Seoul, Korea) were used to destroy the vulcanizates structure.
6
Characterization of Zinc Oxide Particles
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Zinc oxide (99%) and 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-CPA) (99%) in this study were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). The chemicals were used as received without any purification. Deionized water (18.2 MΩ) was used throughout the studies to prepare the stock solutions and working solutions of 4-CPA. The specific surface area of ZnO particles was determined by the static BET method using a Thermo Finnigan Sorptomatic 1990 series analyzer (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Milan, Italy). The band gap energy of ZnO was recorded by a Perkin Elmer Lambda 35 UV-vis-NIR spectrometer (Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA) equipped with an integrating sphere at room temperature. The particle size of ZnO was measured on the Nanophox facility (Sympatec, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany).
7
Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Trifluoromethanesulfonate Solutions
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Zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate was prepared by slurrying zinc oxide (Merck), ZnO, in distilled water, and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (Fluka), CF3SO3H, was added dropwise until the zinc oxide was dissolved. The solution was filtered and the excess of acid and water were boiled off in an oven at ca. 450 K, and Zn(CF3SO3)2 was obtained as a white powder. It was carefully grained and stored in oven at ca. 450 K.
The methanol solutions were prepared by dissolving weighed amounts of anhydrous zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate, Zn(CF3SO3)2, and zinc iodide (Merck), ZnI2, in freshly distilled methanol. The composition of the studied solutions, and their abbreviations are summarized in Table2 .
The methanol solutions were prepared by dissolving weighed amounts of anhydrous zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate, Zn(CF3SO3)2, and zinc iodide (Merck), ZnI2, in freshly distilled methanol. The composition of the studied solutions, and their abbreviations are summarized in Table
Composition of the methanol solutions studied by EXAFS at 25 °C in mol·dm−3
| Solution | [Zn2+] | [I−] | [CF3SO3−] | [Na+] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zn_0 | 0.500 | 1.000 | ||
| Zn_1 | 0.500 | 0.500 | 0.500 | |
| Zn_2 | 0.500 | 1.000 | ||
| Zn_4 | 0.500 | 2.000 | 1.000 |
8
Penicillin G Degradation Assessment
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All chemicals used were of analytical reagent grade and were used without any further purification. Penicillin G, Zinc Oxide (ZnO), and Tungsten Trioxide (WO3) were purchased from Merck Company, Germany. Synthetic solutions were prepared with deionized water.
9
Membrane Fabrication with Chitosan Additives
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The membrane was made of
PES from Merck (Germany). The solvent was N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
(NMP) from Merck (Germany). As an additive, chitosan from Biotech
Surindo (Indonesia) was used. Acetic acid was purchased from Merck
(Germany). Tween 80 purchased from KAO Indonesia Chemicals (Indonesia)
was used as the surfactant during chitosan dissolution. Silver nitrate
(AgNO3), magnesium oxide (MgO), zinc oxide (ZnO), and silicon
dioxide (SiO2) purchased from Merck (Germany) were used
as inorganic additives. BSA was acquired from Agdia, Inc. (Elkhart,
USA). Pure water used was produced using a homemade RO–ion
exchange system. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) and sodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4) were phosphate buffer solution that was used to make BSA under
acidic conditions. Sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3) and
sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) were carbonate buffer
solution that was used to make BSA under alkaline conditions.
PES from Merck (Germany). The solvent was N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
(NMP) from Merck (Germany). As an additive, chitosan from Biotech
Surindo (Indonesia) was used. Acetic acid was purchased from Merck
(Germany). Tween 80 purchased from KAO Indonesia Chemicals (Indonesia)
was used as the surfactant during chitosan dissolution. Silver nitrate
(AgNO3), magnesium oxide (MgO), zinc oxide (ZnO), and silicon
dioxide (SiO2) purchased from Merck (Germany) were used
as inorganic additives. BSA was acquired from Agdia, Inc. (Elkhart,
USA). Pure water used was produced using a homemade RO–ion
exchange system. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) and sodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4) were phosphate buffer solution that was used to make BSA under
acidic conditions. Sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3) and
sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) were carbonate buffer
solution that was used to make BSA under alkaline conditions.
10
Synthesis and Characterization of Organic Compounds
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Aspirin (ASP), ibuprofen (IBU), nicotinamide (NC), isonicotinamide (INC), isoniazid (INZ), and methyl nicotinate (MN) were bought from Acros (Geel, Belgium). 3,4-diaminopyridine (AMI) was acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), 4-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) from Alfa Aesar (Haverhill, MA, USA), and zinc oxide from Merck (Kenilworth, NJ, USA). All the solvents and reagents were used as received without further treatment.
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