1 3 dimethylaminopropyl 3 ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride edc

In this section, we introduce the materials, reagents, and facilities used in this work, as well as the hybrid biosensor fabrication and the biosensing system setup.
The 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid, 2-(N-morpholino) ethane sulfonic acid (MES), and 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) reagents were purchased from Macklin. N-hydroxy succinimide (NHS) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were bought from Sigma. The capture monoclonal antibody (40150-D006), SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus (PSV-001), and MERS-CoV spike protein (40071-V08B1) were purchased from Sino Biological (Beijing, China). The artificial saliva (A7990) was obtained from Solarbio Life Science (Beijing, China). The physical vapor deposition (PVD) (ZD-400 single chamber high vacuum resistive evaporator) was from Shenyang Kecheng Vacuum Tech Co. Ltd (Shenyang, China). The halogen light source, spectrometer (PG2000-Pro), and Y-shaped optic fibers were bought from Idea Optics (Shanghai, China). The robotic arm (Z-Arm 1632) was purchased from HITBOT (Shenzhen, China). The blade dicing machine (DS616) was bought from Shenyang Heyan Technology Co., Ltd. (Shenyang, China).

NheI and SpeI were obtained from New England Biolabs. Nickel nitrilotiacetic acid resin was obtained from Qiagen. 1-dodecanethiol (DT, 98%), diethyldithiocarbamic acid silver salt (98%), trichlormethane, acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ampicillin, and kanamycin were purchased from Sinopharm Group Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. Chlorin e6 (Ce6) was obtained from Frontier Scientific Inc., and 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[amine methoxy (polyethylene glycol)₂₀₀₀] (DSPE-mPEG₂₀₀₀-NH₂) was purchased from Avanti. Ultrapure water (Millipore Mill-Q grade, 18.2 MΩ) was used in all the experiments. 1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) were obtained from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). DMEM/F12 and RPMI 1640 were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific. Staphylococcus aureus’ species-identifiable aptamer was obtained from Tsingke Biotechnology Co., Ltd. All reagents and solvents are of analytical grade and used without further purification.

OA was distilled from Camellia seed oil in our lab with its purity of 98% [31 (link),32 (link)]. PEI with molecular weight ≈10,000, mPEG with molecular weight ≈2000, DOX, succinic anhydride, N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), 4-Nitrophenyl Chloroformate, o-nitrobenzyl alcohol, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), and 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) were purchased from Macklin Reagent Co. (Shanghai, China). Yttrium oxide (Y₂O₃, 99.99%), ytterbium oxide (Yb₂O₃, 99.99%), erbium oxide (Er₂O₃, 99.99%), and sodium fluoride (NaF, 98%) were purchased from Shanghai Chemical Industrial Company (Shanghai, China). Pyrene, 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenytetrazolium bromide (MTT), and 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) were purchased from Aladdin Reagent Co. (Shanghai, China). Phosphotungstic acid dye, glutaraldehyde, and copper mesh were purchased from Beijing Zhongjingkeyi Technology Co. (Beijing, China). Human lung adenocarcinoma cells A549 cells and DMEM medium were bought from Shanghai Cell Bank (Shanghai, China). Chloroform, acetonitrile, ethyl ether, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were supplied by Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. (Shanghai, China). Transparent polystyrene 6-well and 96-well plates were obtained from Corning Co. (Corning, NY, USA).