Fumaric acid, iron(iii ) chloride (FeCl3·6H2O, 99%), H3PW12O40 (98%), ammonium iron(iii ) sulfate ((NH4)Fe(SO4)2·12H2O, 98%), ammonium iron(ii ) sulfate ((NH4)2Fe(SO4)2·12H2O, 98.5%), ammonia NH3, methylene blue (C16H18ClN3S, MB, 99%), methyl orange (C14H14N3NaO3S, MO, 99%), and rhodamine B (C28H31ClN2O3,RhB, 99%) were obtained from Merck company. Tetracycline (C22H24N2O8, TC, 99.5%) and ciprofloxacin (C17H18FN3O3, CIP, 95.5%) drugs were obtained from Exir pharmaceutic company (Boroujerd, Iran). All of the chemicals were used without further purification.
Fumaric acid
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, China, Italy, Switzerland, France
Fumaric acid is a dicarboxylic acid found naturally in many plant and animal tissues. It is a white, crystalline solid that is used as a food additive and in various industrial applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Succinic acid, by Merck Group (38 mentions)
Citric acid, by Merck Group (30 mentions)
Malic acid, by Merck Group (21 mentions)
Oxalic acid, by Merck Group (18 mentions)
Formic acid, by Merck Group (15 mentions)
Caffeic acid, by Merck Group (15 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (15 mentions)
P coumaric acid, by Merck Group (14 mentions)
Lactic acid, by Merck Group (13 mentions)
Tartaric acid, by Merck Group (11 mentions)
Quinic acid, by Merck Group (11 mentions)
Chlorogenic acid, by Merck Group (11 mentions)
Acetic acid, by Merck Group (11 mentions)
Maleic acid, by Merck Group (10 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (10 mentions)
Ethanol, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Shikimic acid, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Rutin, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Syringic acid, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Pyruvic acid, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
102 protocols using fumaric acid
1
Synthesis of Iron-Based Photocatalysts
2
Quantitative Analysis of Organic Acids
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2,3,4,5,6-D5-benzoic acid (internal standard, ≥99 atom % D, ≥99%), benzoic acid (BA, ≥99.5%), phenylpropionic acid (PhPA, ≥99%), phenyllactic acid (PhLA, ≥98%), 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (p-HPhAA, ≥98%), 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid (p-HPhLA, ≥97%), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (internal standard, ≥98%), succinic acid (≥99%), α-ketoglutaric acid (≥98%), fumaric acid (≥99%), itaconic acid (≥99%), N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (contains 1% trimethylchlorosilane, 99% N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide), hexane (≥97.0%) were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany); sulfuric acid, acetone, diethyl ether, sodium chloride were Laboratory Reagent grade and obtained from Khimreactiv (Staryy Oskol, Russia). All other reagents were from the Sigma–Aldrich Corporation (St. Louis, MO, USA).
3
Comprehensive Organic Acid Profiling in Urine
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The following materials and chemicals were purchased from Merck, Johannesburg, South Africa: standards (98%) of glycolic acid, α-ketoglutaric acid, succinic acid, lactic acid, malonic acid, succinylacetone, glutaconic acid, adipic acid, methylmalonic acid, fumaric acid, ethylmalonic acid, phenyllactic acid, vanillylmandelic acid, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid, sebacic acid, 4-phenylbutyric acid, stearic acid, 3-methylglutaconic acid, phenylacetic acid, glutaric acid, citric acid, pyruvic acid, 3-phenylbutyric acid, and sorbitol, hexane, diethyl ether, and butanol, derivatization reagents, namely N-bis (trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) with trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS), and pyridine. Spectrometry-grade solvents, including methanol, acetonitrile, water, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, and ethyl acetate, were obtained from Honeywell Burdick & Jackson, Anatech, Johannesburg, South Africa. Sodium and magnesium sulphate were obtained from Merck, South Africa. Synthetic urine (SurineTM Lot 72110) was purchased from Dyna-tek industries, Johannesburg, South Africa. For validation experiments, ERNDIM External Quality Assurance Samples (EQAS) 2016 Quantitative Organic Acids samples were utilized.
4
Synthesis of Luminescent Coordination Polymers
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Silver
nitrate (AgNO3), calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl2·2H2O), sodium nitrate (NaNO3), potassium
chloride
(KCl), manganese chloride (MnCl2), copper II chloride dihydrate
(CuCl2·2H2O), magnesium chloride anhydrous
(MgCl2), aluminum chloride (AlCl3), iron III
chloride (FeCl3), dysprosium III chloride hexahydrate (DyCl3·6H2O), sodium citrate tribasic tetrahydrate
(HOC(COONa) (CH2COONa)2·4H2O),
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), terbium III chloride
hexahydrate (TbCl3·6H2O), ytterbium III
chloride hexahydrate (YbCl3·6H2O), holmium
III chloride hexahydrate (HoCl3 ·6H2O),
lead chloride (PbCl2), sodium carbonate anhydrous (Na2CO3), sodium phosphate (Na3PO4), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), sodium fluoride
(NaF), sodium acetate (CH3COONa), disodium tartrate, disodium
succinate, disodium malate, CTAB, polyethylene glycol 1500, and dodecanoic
acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Company (South Korea). Fumaric
acid, p-toluene sulfonic acid (PTSA), and 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic
acid were purchased from Merck (Germany). All solvents and chemicals
were used as received without purification. DI water filtered to 18
MΩ·cm was used in all experiments.
nitrate (AgNO3), calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl2·2H2O), sodium nitrate (NaNO3), potassium
chloride
(KCl), manganese chloride (MnCl2), copper II chloride dihydrate
(CuCl2·2H2O), magnesium chloride anhydrous
(MgCl2), aluminum chloride (AlCl3), iron III
chloride (FeCl3), dysprosium III chloride hexahydrate (DyCl3·6H2O), sodium citrate tribasic tetrahydrate
(HOC(COONa) (CH2COONa)2·4H2O),
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), terbium III chloride
hexahydrate (TbCl3·6H2O), ytterbium III
chloride hexahydrate (YbCl3·6H2O), holmium
III chloride hexahydrate (HoCl3 ·6H2O),
lead chloride (PbCl2), sodium carbonate anhydrous (Na2CO3), sodium phosphate (Na3PO4), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), sodium fluoride
(NaF), sodium acetate (CH3COONa), disodium tartrate, disodium
succinate, disodium malate, CTAB, polyethylene glycol 1500, and dodecanoic
acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Company (South Korea). Fumaric
acid, p-toluene sulfonic acid (PTSA), and 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic
acid were purchased from Merck (Germany). All solvents and chemicals
were used as received without purification. DI water filtered to 18
MΩ·cm was used in all experiments.
5
Synthesis of Organic Acid Compounds
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Citric acid monohydrate (Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany, ≥99.5%), fumaric acid (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany, >98%), itaconic acid (Merck, ≥99%) linseed oil epoxy (ELO, EPOL-L Traditem, Hilden, Germany), maleic acid (TCl, Zwijndrecht, Belgium, >99%), malic acid (Merck, ≥98%), methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride (TCl, >80%), oxalic acid dihydrate (VWR, Darmstadt, Germany, ≥99%), pyromellitic dianhydride (TCl, >99%), succinic acid (Merck, ≥99%) and tartaric acid (Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany, ≥99.5%) were used as received.
6
Reagent-Grade p-Benzoquinone Synthesis
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Reagent grade p-benzoquinone (C6H4O2) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used without further purification. Anhydrous sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), urea (NH2CONH2), iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4·7H2O), hydroquinone (HQ), maleic acid, formic acid, fumaric acid, and acetic acid were supplied by Merck. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, NaC12H25SO4 > 85%) was purchased from TCI Chemicals. The solutions were prepared with high-purity water obtained from a Millipore Milli-Q system with resistivity >18 MΩ cm.
7
GC-MS Analysis of Metabolite Standards
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A pure standard solution of n‐alkanes (from n‐C7 to n‐C30) for linear retention indices (IT) calibration and system quality control was from Merck (Milan, Italy) and prepared in toluene at the concentration of 100 mg L−1.
The internal standard (IS) 1,4-dibromobenzene (from Merck, Milan, Italy) solution was prepared in toluene at a concentration of 10 g L−1.
Pure reference standards used for identity confirmation of pyruvic acid, lactic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, 2-ketoglutaric acid, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, fumaric acid, 2-keto-3-metilvaleric acid, aspartic acid, hippuric acid, citric acid, uric acid,l -alanine, l -valine, l -leucine, l -proline, glycine, l -threonine, l -tyrosine, l -phenylalanine, l -isoleucine, l -methionine, l -cysteine, l -ornithine, l -tryptophan, xylitol, ribitol, fructose, galactose, glucose, mannitol, myo-inositol, glycerol, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and creatinine were from Merck (Milan, Italy).
Derivatizing agents O-methyl hydroxylamine hydrochloride (MOX), N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA), and LC-grade pyridine, n-hexane, dichloromethane, and toluene used as solvents were all from Merck (Milan, Italy).
The internal standard (IS) 1,4-dibromobenzene (from Merck, Milan, Italy) solution was prepared in toluene at a concentration of 10 g L−1.
Pure reference standards used for identity confirmation of pyruvic acid, lactic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, 2-ketoglutaric acid, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, fumaric acid, 2-keto-3-metilvaleric acid, aspartic acid, hippuric acid, citric acid, uric acid,
Derivatizing agents O-methyl hydroxylamine hydrochloride (MOX), N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA), and LC-grade pyridine, n-hexane, dichloromethane, and toluene used as solvents were all from Merck (Milan, Italy).
8
Itraconazole Drug Formulation Development
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Itraconazole (BASF AG, Ludwigshafen, Germany), indomethacin (Fluka Chemie AG, Buchs, Switzerland), fumaric acid, succinic acid, nicotinamide, saccharin (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), poloxamer 188, poloxamer 407, Tween 80, D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS), polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVP K30) (BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Germany), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) (Carl Roth GmbH & Co., Karlsruhe, Germany), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose E5 (HPMC E5) (Colorcon Ltd., Dartford Kent, UK), hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) (Nisso Chemical Europe, Düsseldorf, Germany),, methanol, ethanol, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate (Carl Roth GmbH & Co., Karlsruhe, Germany), hydrochloric acid (HCl, Sigma Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Steinheim, Germany), ultrapurified water purified by a Milli-Q-apparatus (Millipore GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany), 0.25-0.35 mm zirkonium beads (SiLibeads®, Sigmund Lindner GmbH, Warmensteinach, Germany).
9
Evaluating Antibiotics and Natural Antimicrobials
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The antibiotics (AB) used in this study were amoxicillin, ampicillin, doxycycline, lincomycin, neomycin, penicillin G, and colistin (all obtained from Alpha Aesar, Thermo Fisher GmbH, Kandel, Germany); AB stock solutions were prepared in BHI. Organic acids (OA) and nature-identical compounds (NIC) utilized in this study were citric acid, sorbic acid, benzoic acid, butyric acid, hexanoic acid, formic acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, and propionic acid (stocks prepared in BHI); and octanoic acid, decanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, thymol, carvacrol, eugenol, vanillin, α-pinene, eucalyptol, limonene, linalool, and menthol (stocks prepared in BHI supplemented with ethanol at a final concentration ≤ 3.5% to increase solubility); all OA and NIC were obtained from Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany. Each solution was buffered to ensure a final pH of 6.5, filter-sterilized and diluted in sterile BHI to reach the final concentration tested.
10
Deslortadin Coformer Screening and Analysis
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Deslortadin was purchased from Xi’An Wango Biopharm Co., Ltd., (Shaanxi, China). In this study, several coformers, such as citric acid, benzoic acid, vanillin, nicotinamide, glutamic acid, malonic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, methionine, histidine, oxalic acid, maleic acid, saccharin, methyl paraben, caffeine, boric acid, glycine, diphenylamine, 8- hydroxyquinoline, ninhydrin, phenylhydrazine, resorcinol, pyrogallol, salicylamide, urea, and tartaric acid were used and obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Solvents were used such as cyclohexane, benzene, chloroform, diethyl ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, acetone, acetonitrile, isopropanol, n-propanol, ethanol, and methanol. They were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) as an analytical grade.
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