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16 protocols using porcine insulin elisa kit

1

Plasma Insulin and Glucagon Quantification

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Whole blood was collected in 4 ml K2 EDTA tubes, gently rocked and immediately centrifuged at 4°C for 15 min at 1,600 RPM (Beckman Coulter, Allegra X-22R, Indianapolis, IN). Plasma was collected, immediately snap frozen in liquid N2 and stored at −80° C. A two-site ELISA was performed using a porcine insulin ELISA kit (Mercodia, Winston Salem, NC # 10-1200-01). This porcine insulin ELISA has virtually no cross-reactivity with porcine pro-insulin or C-peptide. A colorimetric glucagon ELISA was performed using a glucagon ELISA kit (Phoenix Pharmaceuticals, Burlingame, CA # EK-028-02). All ELISA procedures were performed according to manufacturer recommendations. Plates were read on VersaMax ELISA Microplate Reader (Molecular Devices, v5, Sunnyvale, CA).
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2

Insulin Secretion and DNA Quantification in Islet Cells

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Duplicates of 100 islet equivalents (IEQ) were incubated with or without 1000 µM butyrate for six days, washed with PBS, lysed in 2 mM acetic acid buffer, 0.25% bovine serum albumin and sonicated with five pulses at 1J on ice for 30 s by using Branson SFX 150 Digitaler Sonifier (Branson, Dietzenbach, Germany). Then samples were centrifuged at 800× g for 15 min at 4 °C. Supernatants were collected and stored at −80 °C. Insulin concentration was measured by a porcine Insulin ELISA Kit (Mercodia, Uppsala, Sweden) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
Other islet cell aliquots (100 IEQ) were resuspended in citrate buffer (150 mM NaCl, 15 mM citrate, 3 mM EDTA pH 7.4) and centrifuged at 200× g for 10 min at 4 °C. Cell pellets were resuspended in 10 mM Tris-buffer, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7.5 and DNA concentration was assayed by Quant-iT™ dsDNA Assay Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Germering, Germany) following the manufacturer’s instructions. Insulin content was normalized to the sample DNA content and expressed as µU of insulin/ng of DNA.
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3

Insulin Sensitivity Assessment Protocol

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Plasma concentrations of glucose and insulin were measured, respectively, with the Saturno 300-plus analyzer and with a Porcine Insulin ELISA kit (Mercodia AB, Uppsala, Sweden; 0.26 IU/L of assay sensitivity and 3.5% of intra-assay variation coefficient). Insulin sensitivity/resistance were determined, concomitantly with data from OGTTs, throughout the study of the HOMA-IR index [(FINS × FGLU)/22.5], whilst possible changes in β-cell function were assessed by the HOMA-β index [(20 × FINS)/(FGLU − 3.5)]. FINS accounts for fasting plasma insulin concentration in U/L and FGLU for fasting plasma glucose in mmol/L.
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4

Plasma and Liver Lipid Analysis

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Most of the tested plasma parameters were determined with an automatic biochemical analyzer (Indiko Clinical Chemistry Analyzer, Thermofisher). Insulin levels were assessed by Elisa (Mercodia Porcine Insulin ELISA kit)). After KOH and MgCl2 extraction, liver TG levels were measured using a commercially available kit (TRIGLYCERIDES, Thermo Fisher Diagnostics). After extraction using the lipid extraction kit from Biovision, liver total cholesterol levels were determined with the Total cholesterol and Cholesteryl Ester Colorimetric Assay Kit II (Biovision).
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5

Porcine Insulin ELISA for Plasma

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Plasma insulin was analyzed in duplicate samples using a porcine insulin ELISA kit (cat no. 10-1200-01; Mercodia AB; Winston Salem, NC, USA), following manufacturer instructions. Intraplate variation was 4.75%.
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6

Glucose Homeostasis Monitoring in Mice

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Blood was drawn from the tail vein of mice and measured once a week for glucose measurements. An intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) was performed in recipient mice at 4 and 8 weeks post-transplantation. After 15 hours of fast, 2 g/kg glucose was administered to mice, and blood glucose was measured at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes.
Recipient blood samples were collected from NPCCs transplanted mice at 4 and 8 weeks post-transplantation. Blood was spun at 13,000 rpm for 10 minutes and blood serum was obtained and stored at –20°C. Serum insulin contents were evaluated by porcine insulin ELISA kit (Mercodia, Uppsala, Sweden) and measured by ELISA Reader (BIO-TEK, Winooski, VT, USA).
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7

Porcine Insulin Measurement in Transplanted Mice

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Mouse serum was obtained by centrifugation of blood collected from the cheek of the mouse every 2 or 3 weeks after transplantation. Porcine insulin levels in the serum of device-transplanted mice were measured using a porcine insulin ELISA kit (Mercodia). The crossover rate between porcine insulin and mouse insulin is 0.3% or less.
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8

Evaluating Porcine Islet Encapsulation for Insulin Secretion

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To evaluate insulin secretion from porcine islet-encapsulating devices, we performed glucose-stimulated insulin secretion of the device before transplantation, of the device after retrieval from the first transplanted mice, and of the device after retrieval from relay-transplanted mice. After the devices were retrieved from the abdominal cavities of the mice, the thin films that formed around the devices were removed before the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion test was performed. The devices were sequentially incubated at 37°C in medium (Functionality/Viability solution, CMRL 1066 [-] glucose, Corning, NY) containing low glucose (2.8 mM) for 2 h after two 30-min washes in a low-glucose solution and then incubated in medium containing high glucose (25 mM) for 2 h, before finally being incubated in medium containing low glucose (2.8 mM) for 2 h after a 1-h wash. The secretion of porcine insulin from devices was measured using a porcine insulin ELISA kit (Mercodia). Data are representative of 18 independent experiments and values are expressed as mean ± SEM
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9

Pancreatic Insulin Extraction and Quantification

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Pancreata were harvested and placed in 1.5% HCl 70% EtOH [41 (link)]. After overnight incubation at −20°C they were polytron homogenized, volume adjusted to 20 ml per g of pancreas, and reincubated overnight at −20°C. Insulin content was measured in supernatant from 15 min centrifugation at 2000 rpm. Sample was neutralized with an equal volume of 1M Tris pH 7.5 and diluted 200 times further in Insulin ELISA sample diluent. Insulin concentration was measured using a Porcine Insulin ELISA kit (#10-1223-01, Mercodia, Uppsala, Sweden). Protein content was measured by Bradford kit (Bio-rad, #500-0002).
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10

Porcine Islet API Isolation and Encapsulation

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For API isolation from the pancreata of adult pigs, the following reagents were used: Collagenase P/neutral protease solution (VitaCyte, Indianapolis, IN); Cold Storage/Purification Stock Solution (Mediatech, Manassas, VA), Hanks Balanced Salt Solution with calcium and magnesium (HBSS) (Mediatech), PentaStarch (Mediatech), porcine serum (Biologos, Inc., Montgomery, IL), heparin and insulin (McKesson Medical-Surgical Inc, Atlanta, GA). Islets were cultured in API medium composed of Medium E199 (Mediatech), 100 U/mL of penicillin and100 μg/mL streptomycin (Thermo Scientific, Logan, UT), 20 μg/mL ciprofloxacin (Sigma Aldrich, Saint Louis, USA), and 10% heat inactivated porcine serum (Biologos, Inc.,). Reagents used for encapsulation included sodium alginate (FMC Biopolymer, Oslo, Norway); and BaCl2 (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). Assays used in this study included a viability/cytotoxicity assay (calcein AM/ethidium bromide) for animal live & dead cells (Biotium, Inc, CA), alamar blue assay (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA), and the porcine insulin ELISA kit (Mercodia, Uppsala, Sweden).
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