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Protease and phosphatase inhibitors cocktail

Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, China, France

Protease and phosphatase inhibitors cocktail is a laboratory reagent designed to inhibit the activity of proteases and phosphatases in biological samples. It is used to prevent the degradation of proteins and to maintain the phosphorylation state of proteins during sample preparation and analysis.

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48 protocols using protease and phosphatase inhibitors cocktail

1

Chromatin-Bound Protein Extraction Protocol

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The protein extraction protocol used to detect the chromatin bound fraction of relevant proteins involved in the NER process has been previously described (24) . Briefly, the pellets obtained as described above were resuspended in hypotonic lysis buffer (10 mM Tris-HCl at pH 8.0, 2.5 mM MgCl 2 , 0.5% Igepal, 0.2 mM Na 3 VO 4 , 1 mM dithiothreitol (DTT), 10 mM β-glycerophosphate, 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), protease and phosphatase inhibitors cocktails (Sigma).
After washing once in hypotonic buffer, and then in isotonic buffer (10 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM PMSF, 1 mM DTT, 10 mM β-glycerophosphate, protease and phosphatase inhibitors cocktails), the pellet was re-suspended in DNase I digestion buffer (10 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0, 5 mM MgCl 2 , 10 mM NaCl, 1 mM PMSF, protease inhibitor cocktail) and incubated for 20 min at 4°C. Released proteins were mixed in 3X loading buffer, boiled at 75 °C and stored at -20°C.
Proteins were separated on NuPAGE 4-12% Bis-Tris gels, and transferred to nitrocellulose membranes for subsequent immunoblot analysis with relevant primary antibodies, and HRPconjugated secondary antibodies. Nitrocellulose membranes were incubated with substrate Clarity (Bio-Rad) and chemiluminescence detection was performed with a Westar R Chemiluminescence Imager (HiTech Cyanagen) for digital acquisition of images.
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2

Protein Partitioning in C2C12 Myotubes

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To estimate protein partitioning between Triton-soluble (cytosolic) and Triton-insoluble (myofibrillar) fractions of C2C12 cells, a six-well of cultures of differentiated myotubes was washed twice in ice-cold PBS (1 mL) and then scraped in 500 μL. Cells were centrifuged at 12000×g for 10 min at +4 °C and the pellet was lysed in 100 μL detergent-soluble fraction (DSF) buffer containing 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5), 1% Triton X-100, 5 mM EDTA and supplemented with protease and phosphatase inhibitors cocktail (Sigma). Insoluble material was recovered by a centrifugation at 16000g for 15′ at 4 °C. The supernatant (soluble fraction) was collected in new tubes, while the pellet, was then washed with supplemented DSF buffer and centrifuged at 16000 g for 15′ at 4 °C. The insoluble materials represented by pellets were resuspended in 50 μl detergent-insoluble fraction (DIF) buffer enclosing 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5), 1% SDS and supplemented with protease and phosphatase inhibitors cocktail (Sigma), incubated for 15 min at room temperature and for 2 min on ice, and sonicated once at 50% amplitude for 10 sec on ice (Vibra-Cell, Sonics & Materials). Equal amounts of each fraction were heated for 5 min at 95 °C in 4 × Laemmli Sample Buffer and analysed by SDS-PAGE.
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3

Western Blot for protein detection

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Cells were harvested with NP-40 lysis buffer (ThermoFisher Scientific, UK) with protease and phosphatase inhibitors cocktails (Sigma‐Aldrich). Samples were loaded on 7.5% or 4–20% gels and resolved by electrophoresis. Proteins were transferred to PVDF membranes using Mini Trans-Blot Cell (BioRad). Membranes incubated for 1 h in blocking solution consisting of 5% w/v milk diluted in TBS-T 145 mM NaCl, 20 mM Tris-base, pH 7.4, 0.5% Tween-20 and labelled with primary antibody overnight at 4 °C for DHC (Proteintech—1:1000), Rab46 (CRACR2A: Proteintech 1:800), p150Glued (BD Biosciences—1:1000), ATP1α1 (Santa Cruz—1:500), GFP (ThermoFisher—1:1000) and histidine (BioRad—1:1000). Immunoblots visualised using HRP-conjugated donkey anti-mouse, anti-rabbit secondary antibodies (Jackson ImmunoResearch—1:10,000) and SuperSignal Femto (Pierce).
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4

Western Blot Analysis of Cell Signaling Pathways

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The following antibodies were used: anti-GAPDH (1:5000) and anti-CDKL5 (1:500) (Sigma); anti-phosphorylated Erk1/2 (1:1000), anti Erk1/2 (1:1000), anti-phospho-AKT-Ser473 (1:1000), anti-phospho-AKT-Thr308 (1:1000), anti-AKT (1:1000), anti-phospho-GSK-3β-Ser9 (1:1000), anti-GSK-3β (1:1000), anti-phospho-CRMP2-Thr514 (1:1000) and anti-CRMP2 (1:1000) (Cell Signaling Technology); anti β-catenin (1:1000; BD Transduction Laboratories); anti-phospho-CREB-Ser133 (1:1000) and anti-CREB (1:1000) (Upstate Biotechnology). For the preparation of total cell extracts, cells were lysed in RIPA buffer (Tris–HCl 50 mM, NaCl 150 mM, Triton X-100 1%, sodium deoxycholate 0.5%, SDS 0.1%, protease and phosphatase inhibitors cocktails 1%; Sigma). For the preparation of tissue extracts, the hippocampi from P19 mice were homogenized in RIPA buffer. Extracts were immediately processed by Western blot or kept frozen (− 80 °C) until assayed. Sample protein concentration was estimated using the Lowry method (Lowry et al., 1951 (link)). Equivalent amounts (50 μg) of protein were subjected to electrophoresis on a 10% SDS-polyacrylamide gel. Densitometric analysis of digitized images was performed using Scion Image software (Scion Corporation, Frederick, MD, USA) and intensity for each band was normalized to the intensity of the respective total protein levels or GAPDH band.
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5

Western Blot Analysis of Cell Signaling

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Protein extraction was performed using a RIPA Lysis buffer supplemented with protease and phosphatase inhibitors cocktails (Sigma-Aldrich, P0044) while protein concentration was determined using the Bradford assay (Bio-Rad, 5000006). Briefly, western blot samples were exposed to denaturation then migrated through 8, 12 and 15% polyacrylamide gels. Proteins were transferred to nitrocellulose membranes and 5% milk solution was used for blocking purposes. The primary antibodies were added overnight after being diluted in 1% milk solution: p53 (Santa cruz, sc263, 1:200), p21 (Santa cruz, sc6246, 1:100), p27 (Santa cruz, sc71813, 1:100), cyclin D1 (Santa cruz, sc8396, 1:200), Noxa (Santa cruz, sc515840, 1:100), PARP1 (Santa cruz, sc8007, 1:200), GAPDH (Santa cruz, sc47724, 1:1000). Membranes were then incubated with the goat anti-mouse HRP conjugate secondary antibody (Bio-Rad, 1706515, 1:2000) prepared in 1% milk solution and this for 1 h before being exposed to the Clarity western ECL substrate (Bio-Rad, 1705061). Band detection was enabled using the Bio-Rad VersaDoc Imaging system and quantification was done by the means of the ImageJ software. Three to four biological replicates were carried out.
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6

Cell Viability and Apoptosis Assays

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3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), crystal violet, propidium iodide (PI), RNAse, cell lysis buffer, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), protease and phosphatase inhibitors cocktails were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Mouse monoclonal anti-PARP antibody was acquired from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. (Beverly, MA, USA). Monoclonal anti-β-actin antibody was acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Anti-phospho-histone H2A.X (Ser139), anti-cyclin B1, goat anti-mouse IgG-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and goat anti-rabbit IgG-HRP antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Dallas, TX, USA).
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7

Western Blot Analysis of Retinal Proteins

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Mice were sacrificed by CO2 inhalation and retinas dissected and lysed in RIPA Lysis Buffer with protease and phosphatase inhibitors cocktails (Sigma-Aldrich). Protein samples (20 μg) were run on 10% (w/v) SDS-PAGE gel and then transferred to PVDF membranes (Millipore, Watford, UK). Samples were then probed for primary antibodies (including β-actin loading controls; Supplemental Table 1) followed by incubation with appropriate HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies, and imaged with G:BOX chemiluminescence system using Syngene’s GeneSys software (Syngene; Cambridge, UK). Uncropped western blots scans were provided in the Source Data files.
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8

Immunoprecipitation of FLAG-RagB Complex

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After the treatment, U2OS cells stably expressing FLAG-RagB and ER-E2F1 were washed twice with ice-cold PBS and incubated for 7 minutes at room temperature with 1 mM DSP crosslinker reagent in PBS (Thermo Scientific, USA). 1 M Tris-HCl (pH 7.5) was added 1:10 to quench DSP and cells were washed twice prior to lysis in ice-cold RIPA buffer (1% NP-40, 1% deoxycholate, 0.1%SDS) in the presence of protease and phosphatase inhibitors cocktails (Sigma Aldrich, USA). The soluble fractions from cell lysates were isolated by centrifugation at 13, 000 rpm for 5 minutes in a microfuge. For immunoprecipitations, 30 μl of a 33% slurry of anti-FLAG M2 beads (Sigma Aldrich, USA) was added to each lysate and incubated with rotation overnight at 4°C. Immunoprecipitates were washed three times with RIPA buffer supplemented with 500 mM NaCl and once with normal RIPA buffer. Immunoprecipitated proteins were resolved by 4%–20% SDS-PAGE.
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9

Protein Expression Analysis by Western Blot

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Twenty four hours after cell seeding, the medium was replaced with the fresh one, and cells were incubated with previously indicated concentrations of inhibitors for 4 h. Cell lysates were harvested by addition of CB buffer (10 mM Tris, pH 7.4, 100 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM EGTA, 1 mM NaF, 20 mM Na4P2O7, 2 mM Na3VO4, 1% Triton X-100, 10% glycerol, 0.1% SDS, 0.5% deoxycholate) supplemented with protease and phosphatase inhibitors cocktails (Sigma). Protein concentration was determined with standard Bradford procedure (Sigma) (Bradford, 1976 (link)). Samples of an identical amount of protein (20 μg) were separated by 10% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS-PAGE) according to Laemmli (Laemmli, 1970 (link)) and then transferred to nitrocellulose sheets, according to Towbin et al. (Towbin et al., 1979 (link)). Antibodies to Src, pSrc, GAPDH, as well as goat anti-mouse antibodies conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (Cell Signaling Technologies) were applied according to the manufacturer’s protocols. Immunoblots were developed using the Clarity Western ECL Substrate (Bio-Rad), scanned with ChemiDoc (Bio-Rad) and analyzed with ImageLab Software (ver. 6.0, Bio-Rad). At least three independent experiments were conducted.
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10

Western Blot Protein Quantification Protocol

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The protocol applied in our previous research was utilized for this assay 16 (link), 17 (link). Briefly, the whole cellular protein was acquired by incubating cells in ice-cold RIPA lysis buffer (Beyotime Inc, NanTong, China) augmented with protease and phosphatase inhibitors cocktails (Sigma), per the manufacturer's protocol. The acquired proteins were isolated by SDS-PAGE, transplanted on the PVDF membranes, occluded for 1 h using 5% non-fat milk, rinsed, tagged at 4℃ with the indicated primary antibodies with gentle overnight shaking, and then labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-coupled secondary antibodies. The immunoreactive bands were visualized via enhanced chemiluminescence. The ECHS1 (1:100; #11305-1-AP) and β-actin (1:1000; #66009-1-Ig) antibodies were acquired from Proteintech and utilized in this investigation.
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