Tert butanol t buoh

All chemicals were of analytical grade and the highest purity available. AgNO₃, Na₃PO₄, HNO₃, phenol, p-benzoquinone, tert-butanol (t-BuOH), and ethylenediamine tetraacetate (EDTA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). MB, methyl red (MR), acid blue 1, and rhodamine B (RhB) were purchased from Invitrogen (Eugene, OR, USA). Milli-Q deionized water was used to prepare all solutions in all experiments.

Zn(OAc)₂·2H₂O (>98%, Sigma), anhydrous Ce₂(SO₄)₃ (97%, Sigma), Orange II sodium salt (>85%, Sigma), sodium hydroxide (>97%, Sigma), tert-butanol (t-BuOH, 99%, Sigma), p-benzoquinone (>98%, Sigma), oxalic acid (>99%, Sigma) and anhydrous ethanol were used as received without further purification. All solutions were prepared using Milli-Q water (18.2 MΩ·cm, Millipore) as solvent.

The softwood kraft lignin used in this work
(Indulin AT) was supplied by Ingevity. Poly(ethylene glycol)
diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE, Mn 500 g/mol), ferrous chloride tetrahydrate
(FeCl₂·4H₂O, analytical grade), hydrogen
peroxide (H₂O₂, 30 wt % in H₂O),
dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and sulfuric acid were provided by Sigma-Aldrich
and used without any further purification. Sodium iodide (NaI), iodine
(I₂), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), chloroplatinic
acid (H₂PtCl₆), ethanol, acetone, tert-butanol (t-BuOH), sodium carboxymethylcellulose
(NaCMC), and acetonitrile (ACN) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
Deionized water (DI-H₂O, 18 MΩ cm^–1 at 25 °C) was obtained by Direct-Q 3 UV Water Purification
System (Millipore). 2-[{4-[4-(2,2-diphenylethenyl)phenyl]-1,2,3,3a,4,8b-hexahydrocyclopento[b]indole-7-yl}methylidene]-cyanoacetic
acid (D131) was purchased from Inabata Europe S.A. Fluorine-doped
tin oxide (FTO) glass plates (sheet resistance 7 Ω sq^–1, purchased from Solaronix) were cut
into 2 cm × 1.5 cm sheets and used as substrates for the fabrication
of both the photoanodes and the counter electrodes.