Nanoworld) were thoroughly rinsed with water and ethanol, dried with
N2 flow, and further cleaned in a UV-ozone chamber for
10 min. They were then immersed overnight in a 1 mM solution containing
a mixture of 16-mercaptododecahexanoic acid (10%; Sigma-Aldrich) and
1-mercapto-1-undecanol (90%; Sigma-Aldrich) in ethanol and protected
from light. For some experiments, 16-mercaptododecahexanoic acid was
used at 1 or 0.1%. Then, cantilevers were rinsed with ethanol, dried
with N2, and immersed in an aqueous solution containing
10 mg mL–1N-hydroxysuccinimide
(NHS) and 25 mg mL–1 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide
(EDC) for 30 min. After rinsing with ultrapure water, the cantilevers
were immersed in a 0.1 mg mL–1 corneodesmosin (CDSN,
LSBio) solution in PBS for 1 hour and finally rinsed with PBS.