L α phosphatidyl dl glycerol

Dimethyl sulfoxide, bovine serum albumin (fraction V), cardiolipin, L-α-phosphatidyl-DL-glycerol, peptidoglycan purified from S. aureus, lysozyme, and lipoteichoic acid purified from S. aureus were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Cholesterol, 2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, and 2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids Inc. peptidoglycan purified from E. coli was purchased from InvivoGen. Calcein was purchased from Dojindo. Triton X-100 was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific. Lipopolysaccharide purified from E. coli 0111:B4 was purchased from List Biological Laboratories, Inc. Synthetic lipid A was purchased from Peptide Institute Inc. Ruby protein gel stain and Any kD^TM precast polyacrylamide gels were purchased from Bio-Rad.
Antimicrobial peptides and biotin-labeled antimicrobial peptides were commercially synthesized by Hayashi Kasei, Thermo Fisher Scientific, and the Toray Research Center. C-terminals of the synthetic peptides were modified by amidation. All peptides were initially suspended in Dimethyl sulfoxide.

1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (DPPC), l-α-Phosphatidyl-dl-glycerol (PG), 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (PE) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). DPPC and PG were sonicated (CPX-400, Cole-Parmer, EUA, Vernon Hills, IL, USA) in Ham F12 medium at 4° C for 2 min. PE was re-suspended in chloroform at a concentration of 20 mg mL⁻¹ and stored at −70° C. Prior to use, the desired amount of PE was evaporated with nitrogen, Ham F12 medium with 1% albumin was added to the pellet and sonicated as specified above.