Mice were acclimatized to treadmill running (Columbus Instruments) for 2 days. Acclimatization was performed with an inclination of 5% at a speed of 8 m/min for 5 min followed by 5 min of 10 m/min. The exhaustion test was performed one day after acclimatization, starting at a speed of 4.8 m/min and a subsequent an increased by 1.6 m/min every 3 min until a speed of 29 m/min was reached. When mice reached exhaustion, the maximal running distance was recorded. Blood was drawn from the tail vein before and 10 min after the test, and blood lactate levels were measured with a lactate plus meter (Nova biomedical).
Treadmill running
Manufactured by Columbus Instruments
Sourced in United States
The Treadmill running is a piece of lab equipment designed for controlled exercise testing. It provides a motorized platform that allows individuals to walk or run in a controlled environment. The treadmill's core function is to facilitate the monitoring and recording of physiological data during physical activity.
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Lab products found in correlation
7 protocols using treadmill running
1
Treadmill Exhaustion Test in Mice
2
Evaluating Exercise-Induced PGC-1 Expression
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To determine PGC-1 gene expression after maximal endurance performance, mice were acclimatized to treadmill running (Columbus Instruments) as described in Supp. Table 1 of the Supplemental Experimental Procedures . Two days after acclimatization, the test started at 5 m/min for 5 min and 8 m/min for 5 min with a 5° incline and the speed was increased 2 m/min every 15 min until exhaustion. 4 h after the exercise test, mice were killed by CO2 and Quadriceps muscles removed.
All mice were fed a normal chow diet. For fasting experiments, mice were placed in new, clean cages, and food was withdrawn from the mice in the morning. 24 h later, mice were killed by CO2 and organs removed.
Body composition of the mice was determined by qNMR using an EchoMRI-100™ analyzer (EchoMRI Medical Systems).
For indirect calorimetry, mice were placed in a CLAMS system (Columbus Instruments) for four days (2 days acclimatization, 2 days measurement) to assess their VO2 consumption, drinking behavior, food intake, locomotion and respiratory exchange ratio (RER). For body temperature measurements, anipills (Phymep S.a.r.l.; REF: 01101, LOT: 15-03,1 (DL 01-2017)) were implanted into the intraperitoneal cavity two weeks before CLAMS measurements.
All mice were fed a normal chow diet. For fasting experiments, mice were placed in new, clean cages, and food was withdrawn from the mice in the morning. 24 h later, mice were killed by CO2 and organs removed.
Body composition of the mice was determined by qNMR using an EchoMRI-100™ analyzer (EchoMRI Medical Systems).
For indirect calorimetry, mice were placed in a CLAMS system (Columbus Instruments) for four days (2 days acclimatization, 2 days measurement) to assess their VO2 consumption, drinking behavior, food intake, locomotion and respiratory exchange ratio (RER). For body temperature measurements, anipills (Phymep S.a.r.l.; REF: 01101, LOT: 15-03,1 (DL 01-2017)) were implanted into the intraperitoneal cavity two weeks before CLAMS measurements.
3
Aerobic Training of CASQ1-null Mice
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WT (n = 7) and CASQ1-null (n = 21) mice were enrolled in the study at 2 months of age after weight and grip strength were measured. Each mouse was then (a) accustomed for 5 days to treadmill running (Columbus Instruments, Columbus, OH, USA), (b) subjected to the incremental test (see above), and (c) randomly assigned to the CASQ1-null training (n = 7) or to the control groups (n = 14). The training group of CASQ1-null mice was subjected to aerobic training [33 (link), 34 (link)] on the treadmill at 60% of their individual maximal speed reached during the incremental test. After 4 weeks, trained CASQ1-null mice performed a new incremental test to readjust the training load and guarantee the 60% of workload in the following 4 weeks. At the end of 8 weeks of training, body weight and grip strength were reassessed for all mice (WT and CASQ1-null control and trained), which were also reevaluated with the incremental test. After 2 days of rest, all animals additionally performed a constant load test (see above) with blood collection, to measure the lactate accumulation/removal ratio. A detailed overview of experimental protocol is shown in Figure 1 .
4
Treadmill-Based Endurance Exercise in Mice
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The animals were acclimatized to treadmill running (Columbus Instruments) for 5 min per day over 5 days at a speed between 10 and 14 cm/s and a slope of 0 . On the day of the experiment, animals ran on a treadmill with a 10 inclination, starting at a speed of 10 cm/s for 3 min. Every 2 min, the speed was increased by 2 cm/s until the mice were exhausted or a maximal speed of 46 cm/s was reached.
A shock grid at the back of the treadmill was activated to prevent mice from stopping spontaneously. Exhaustion was defined as the inability of the animal to remain on the treadmill, and animals were removed from the treadmill after the following observations: 5 consecutive seconds on the shock grid without attempting to reengage the treadmill; spending more than 50% of the time on the shock grid; and willingness to sustain 2 s or more of shock rather than return to the treadmill on three occasions. Work was calculated as the product of body weight (kg), gravity (9.81 m/s 2 ), vertical speed (m/s; angle), and time (s). Power is the product of body weight (kg), gravity (9.81 m/s 2 ), and vertical speed (m/s; angle). On the day of the experiment, blood from the tail tip was taken for glucose and lactate measurements before and after exercise.
A shock grid at the back of the treadmill was activated to prevent mice from stopping spontaneously. Exhaustion was defined as the inability of the animal to remain on the treadmill, and animals were removed from the treadmill after the following observations: 5 consecutive seconds on the shock grid without attempting to reengage the treadmill; spending more than 50% of the time on the shock grid; and willingness to sustain 2 s or more of shock rather than return to the treadmill on three occasions. Work was calculated as the product of body weight (kg), gravity (9.81 m/s 2 ), vertical speed (m/s; angle), and time (s). Power is the product of body weight (kg), gravity (9.81 m/s 2 ), and vertical speed (m/s; angle). On the day of the experiment, blood from the tail tip was taken for glucose and lactate measurements before and after exercise.
5
Standardized Acute Exercise Protocol
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A standardized acute exercise protocol was performed at room temperature using a running treadmill (Columbus Instruments, Columbus, OH, USA) on a flat surface (0° incline) as previously described (Boncompagni et al., 2017 (link)). Briefly, immediately after a warm-up period (10 min at 5 m/min), mice were subjected to a 65 min exercise protocol consisting of an initial 25 min at a speed of 10 m/min, followed by 20 min at 15/m/min, 15 min at 20 m/min and then five final 1 min intervals where the speed was increased an additional 1 m/min for each interval. The protocol was stopped when mice either reached the end of the protocol or were unable to continue as indicated by the inability of the animal to maintain running and contact with the treadmill belt (see 10 for details). Following treadmill exercise, EDL muscles (for ex vivo muscle contractility studies) and FDB muscles (for Mn2+ quench/Ca2+ measurements) were removed and prepared for experiments at one of the following three time points: 1)<1 hr from the end of the in vivo exercise protocol (referred to as <1 hr after exercise), 2) 6 hr after exercise, or 3) 24 hr after exercise.
6
Treadmill Protocol for Muscle Contractility
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A treadmill protocol was performed at room temperature using a running treadmill (Columbus Instruments, Columbus, OH, USA) on a flat surface (0° incline) as previously described (23 (link)). The protocol included a warm-up period of 10 min at 5 m/min. The exercise protocol began with an initial 25 min at a speed of 10 m/min, followed by 20 min at 15/m/min, 15 min at 20 m/min and then five final 1 min intervals where the speed was increased an additional 1 m/min for each interval. Motivation to continue running was done with light tapping with forceps to their rumps. The protocol was stopped when mice either reach the end of the protocol or were unable to continue as indicated by the inability of the animal to maintain running, indicated by 50 cumulative taps. Following treadmill exercise, extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles (for ex vivo muscle contractility studies) and flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) muscles (for Ca2+ measurements) were removed and appropriately prepared for experiments at no treadmill exercise (control), 1-hour post treadmill-exercise, and 6-hour post-treadmill exercise time points.
7
Graded Treadmill Exercise Protocol
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Experiments were performed at room temperature using a running treadmill (Columbus Instruments). A first step of warm-up at low speed (10 min at 5 meters/min) was used to familiarize the mice with the apparatus and task. The experimental exercise protocol started immediately after the warm-up session and was designed as follows: at the beginning of the protocol, the speed was set to 10 m/min for 25 minutes, then to 15 m/min for 20 minutes, then to 20 m/min for 15 minutes, and finally the speed was increased for 1 m/min every 1 minute until the final speed of 25 m/min was reached (and kept for maximum 1 minute). The protocol was stopped when mice reached exhaustion, evaluated as the inability of the animal to maintain running speed and contact with the treadmill. Variability between different mice was limited: some mice stopped just before or during the last 5 minutes of the protocol (when the speed was increased each minute by 1 m/min), while other mice were able to continue running until the end of the protocol.
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