Slides were covered with covertiles (Bond Universal Covertiles, Leica biosystems) and baked for 10 mins at 57°C. Slides were deparaffinizied in dewax solution and rehydrated in decreasing concentrations of EtOH. Tissue sections were then incubated in Ag retrieval solution (pH 6 or 9) at 95°C for 20 mins. Tissue sections were incubated in 3% hydrogen peroxide (
Bond Polymer Refine Detection Kit DS9800, Leica Biosystems) for 15 mins to block endogenous peroxidases. Next, tissue sections were incubated in serum-free protein block solution (Dako X0909) for 30 mins to block nonspecific antibody binding. After the first staining cycle, Fab fragments (AffiniPure Fab Fragment Donkey anti-mouse (715–007-003) or anti-rabbit IgG (711–007-003)) against that primary antibody species were used to block carryover staining whenever there was a repeat of same primary antibody species. Primary antibody staining was performed for 1 hour at room temperature followed by secondary antibody staining. Polymer detection system (
Bond Polymer Refine Detection Kit #DS9800, Leica Biosystems) was used for horseradish peroxidase signal amplification. Chromogenic revelation was performed using
ImmPact AEC (3-amiino99-ethylcarbazole) substrate (Vector Laboratories, SK4205) for preset incubation times. Slides were counterstained with hematoxylin (
Bond Polymer Refine Detection Kit, DS9800, Leica Biosystems.
Chen S.T., Park M.D., Del Valle D.M., Buckup M., Tabachnikova A., Simons N.W., Mouskas K., Lee B., Geanon D., D’Souza D., Dawson T., Marvin R., Nie K., Thompson R.C., Zhao Z., LeBerichel J., Chang C., Jamal H., Chaddha U., Mathews K., Acquah S., Brown S.A., Reiss M., Harkin T., Feldmann M., Powell C.A., Hook J.L., Kim-Schulze S., Rahman A.H., Brown B.D., Beckmann N.D., Gnjatic S., Kenigsberg E., Charney A.W, & Merad M. (2022). Shift of lung macrophage composition is associated with COVID-19 disease severity and recovery. bioRxiv.