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Phospho mtor

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Sourced in United States

Phospho-mTOR is a laboratory reagent used to detect and quantify the phosphorylated form of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) protein. mTOR is a key regulator of cellular growth, proliferation, and metabolism. The Phospho-mTOR product enables researchers to monitor the activation state of the mTOR signaling pathway, which is important in various biological processes and disease states.

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5 protocols using phospho mtor

1

Osteoblast Differentiation Molecular Markers

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Unless otherwise specified, all chemicals and reagents were purchased from the Sigma Chemical Company (St. Louis, MO, USA). MGF was purchased from Chemicon International (Temecula, CA, USA). Antibodies to IgG, β-actin, AKT, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), ALP, osteocalcin (OCN), CD44, CD34, MGF receptor, phospho-AKT, phospho-mTOR, and phospho-p90RSK1 (Ser380) were purchased from the Millipore Corporation, USA.
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2

Western Blotting Analysis of Cellular Signaling

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Western blotting was performed according to our previous reported [17 (link)]. Antibodies of RAGE, phospho-mTOR (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA), Bcl-2, Bax, Akt, phospho-Akt, PI3K, phospho-PI3K (Cell signaling technology, Danvers, MA, USA), β-actin, becline-1, ATG5, LC3 (Novus Biologicals, Littleton, Colorado, USA), and NF-κB p65 (Abcam, Cambridge, UK) were used in this study. The protein-relative intensity were quantified by VisionWorks LS 6.3.3 (UVP, Cambridge, UK) and normalized to the β-actin control.
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3

Antibodies and Small Molecules for ER Stress

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The anti-RNF5 antibody was previously described (Bromberg et al., 2007 (link); Delaunay et al., 2008 (link)). Other antibodies were obtained from the following sources: SLC1A5 (Santa Cruz sc-99002 and Sigma HPA035240), vimentin (Sigma HPA001762), SLC38A2 (Santa Cruz sc-67081 and Sigma HPA035180), phospho-mTOR (2971), phospho-S6K1 (9206), phospho-S6 (4857), phospho-4EBP1 (9459), mTOR (2972), S6K1 (9202), 4EBP1 (9644), phospho-eIF2α (9721), eIF2α (9722), IREα (3294), PDI (3501), Ero1-Lα (3264), calnexin (2433) (all from Cell Signaling Technology), BiP (Santa Cruz sc-13968), phospho-IREα (Novusbio NB100-2323), p62 (BD Biosciences 610832), V5 (Invitrogen 46-0705), and Flag (Sigma F1804). Brefeldin A was purchased from eBiosciences. Tunicamycin, thapsigargin, cisplatin, doxorubicin, and paclitaxel were purchased from Sigma.
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4

Gedunin Cytotoxicity and Signaling Pathway Analysis

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Gedunin (CAS no. 2753‐30‐2, Cat no. 3387/2 with >98.9% purity) procured from R & D Systems (Minneapolis, MN) was dissolved in DMSO and sterile filtered through a 0.22‐μm filter. MTT (3‐(4, 5‐dimethylthiazol‐2yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay kits were sourced from Promega (Madison, WI). Antibodies were sourced from Cell Signaling Technologies (Danvers, MA). Antibodies directed against EGFR, (#4267 1:1000 dilution), Phospho‐EGF Receptor (Tyr1068) Antibody (#2234, dilution 1:1000), Phospho‐Akt (Ser473) (#4060, dilution 1:1000), Phospho‐mTOR (Ser2448) Antibody (#2971, dilution 1:1000), Phospho‐NF‐κB p65 (Ser536) (93H1) Rabbit mAb (#3033 dilution 1:1000), NF‐κB p65 (D14E12) Rabbit Ab (#8242 dilution 1:1000), Phospho‐p70 S6 Kinase (Thr421/Ser424) Antibody (#9204, dilution 1:1000), EGF Receptor (D38B1) Rabbit mAb (#4267 dilution 1:1000), poly ADP‐ribose polymerase (PARP) Antibody (#9542, dilution 1:1000), Cleaved Caspase‐3 (Asp175) Antibody (#9661 dilution 1: 1000), Bcl‐xL (54H6) Rabbit mAb (#2764 dilution 1:1000), Anti‐Bad Antibody (C‐7): sc‐8044 dilution 1:1000), Anti‐α‐Tubulin antibody, Mouse monoclonal (Sigma‐Millipore (St. Louis, MO. T6199, dilution 1:5000) were used in the Western blot analyses.
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5

Quantification of Protein Signaling in Adipose Tissues

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Total protein extracts were obtained from BAT, siWAT, and gWAT. After quantification, 15–20 µg was resolved on SDS-PAGE gels (between 6.5 and 12% depending on protein molecular weight) and transferred to PVDF membranes as described in [24 (link),25 (link)]. Membranes were probed with antibodies for uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) (ab10983, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), for mTOR pathway: mTOR (SAB4501038; Sigma, Kawasaki, Japan), phospho-mTOR (SAB4504476; Sigma), p70S6K (#9202; Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA, USA), phospho-p70S6K (#9205; Cell Signaling), S6 (#2317; Cell Signaling), phospho-S6 (#2211; Cell Signaling); and internal controls: β-actin (A-5316; Sigma), α-tubulin (T-5168; Sigma). Secondary antibodies were purchased by Dako and used at dilution 1:5000 in 3% BSA in TBS-Tween 0.1%. Protein detection was performed using enhanced chemiluminescence reagent ECL (Amersham Biosciences, Little Chalfont, UK). Quantification and analysis of images were carried out by ImageJ software.
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