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4 protocols using ab63917

1

Western Blot Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles

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Vesicles recovered from conditioned medium from 20 × 106 cells (2 K, 10 K and 100 K pellets), equivalent volumes of cell-free medium (2 K, 10 K and 100 K pellets) or 15 μl of the iodixanol gradient fractions were loaded on 4–15% or 10% Mini‐Protean® TGX Stain‐Free™ gels (Bio‐Rad), under non‐reducing conditions. Transferred membranes (Immun‐Blot PVDF Bio‐Rad) were developed (e.g. using Clarity western ECL substrate (Bio-Rad) or SuperSignal West Pico Plus Chemiluminescent Substrate (Thermo Fisher) and a ChemiDoc Touch imager (Bio‐Rad) or by standard film exposure). Intensity of the bands was quantified using ImageLab Software (Bio‐Rad). Antibodies for WB were mouse anti‐human CD63 (clone H5C6, BD Bioscience #557305), mouse anti-human CD81 (Santa Cruz sc-23692), goat anti-AChE (ab31276, Abcam) and anti-HIV-1 p24 Monoclonal (183-H12-5C, NIH AIDS reagent program) or Anti-HIV1 p55 + p24 + p17 (ab63917, Abcam). Secondary antibodies included HRP-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (Santa Cruz, sc-2004) and HRP-conjugated m-IgG-k BP (Santa Cruz, sc-516102) (JHU), or (CT lab) HRP-conjugated anti-mouse (Jackson Immunoresearch, 115–035-146) and anti-goat (Jackson, 705–035-147).
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2

Quantitative Western Blot Analysis

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Whole-cell extracts were prepared by lysing cells, boiling the equivalent protein content in sodium dodecyl sulfate sample buffer, resolution by SDS/PAGE, and transfer to an Immobilon-P membrane (Millipore, Germany). The membranes were incubated with primary antibodies, mouse anti-β-actin (sc-47778, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. USA, 1:5000), mouse anti-p24 (ab63917, Abcam, USA, 1:2500), rabbit anti-Spasitn (ab31850, Abcam, USA, 1:1000), rabbit anti-CD4 (19068-1-AP, Proteintech Group, Inc. USA, 1:1000), rabbit anti-CHMP1B (14639-1-AP, Proteintech Group, Inc. USA, 1:2000), and rabbit anti-IST1 (51002-1-AP, Proteintech Group, Inc. USA, 1:5000), mouse anti-FLAG (F1804, Sigma-Aldrich, USA, 1:5000) followed by the horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG (W4011, Promega, USA, 1:10000) or anti-Mouse IgG secondary antibodies (W4021, Promega, USA, 1:10000). Immunoreactive proteins were detected using an enhanced chemiluminescence kit (Millipore, Germany). The intensities of Western blot bands were quantified using digital images and Image J software after subtraction of the background.
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3

Antibody-based detection of HIV proteins

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The following antibodies have been used in the study: MATR3 (A300-590A, Bethyl Laboratories, 1:2,000 dilution for IB), HIV-1 p55 and p24 (HIV-1 p24 [1941], sc-65462, Santa Cruz, or anti-HIV-1 p55+ p24+ p17 antibody ab63917, Abcam, 1:200). Hsp90 (catalogue number ALX-804-808, Enzo Life Sciences), PARP (catalogue number ALX-210-302, Enzo Life Sciences), β-actin HRP (Sigma, AC-15, 1:10,000), PSF (B92 Sigma P2860, 1:1,000), cyclin T1 (C-20-SC-8128, 1:200), polypyrimidine tract binding protein PTB (rabbit polyclonal produced in-house, 1:1,000), flag tag (Sigma, 1:5,000), and vimentin (Cell Signaling, 1:1,000).
Other reagents included Histopaque-1077 (10771, Sigma), Polybrene (Sigma-H9268), phytohemagglutinin (PHA L1668-5MG, Sigma), interleukin-2 (H7041, Sigma), TNF-α (T0157, Sigma), puromycin (ant-pr-1, InvivoGen), blasticidin (ant-bl-1, InvivoGen), SAHA (SML0061, Sigma), disulfiram (D2950000, Sigma), romidepsin (S3020, Selleckchem), and JQ1 (2091-1, BioVision). IngenolB was kindly donated by Luiz F. Pianowski, Kyolab/Amazônia Fitomedica-mentos, Valinhos, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Human CD3 (IMI1304) and CD28 (IMI1376) antibodies were obtained from Analis (Belgium).
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4

Western Blot Detection of Fluorescent Proteins

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Rabbit monoclonal antibody against GFP (EPR14104, ab183734), rabbit polyclonal antibody against mCherry (ab167453), and rabbit polyclonal to HIV-1 gag (p55 + p24 + p17, ab63917) were purchased from Abcam (UK). Horse-radish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit was obtained from Agilent Dako (USA). NuPAGE™ 4-12% Bis-Tris Protein Gels and iBlot™ Transfer Stacks were purchased from ThermoFisher Scientific (USA). Immunoblotted proteins were detected using the Enhanced Chemiluminescence detection system (Amersham, UK) and ChemiDoc XRS+ (Bio-Rad, USA). Pan-caspase inhibitor zVAD-FMK was purchased from Enzo Life Sciences (USA) and GrM inhibitor AcKVPL-CMK from Peptanova (Germany).
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