Rhodamine 6g rh6g

Cadmium (II) chloride (CdCl₂, 99+%), copper (II) acetate (Cu(ac)₂, 99%), copper (II) chloride (CuCl₂, 98%), copper (II) nitrate trihydrate (Cu(NO₃)₂·3H₂O, 99.5%), copper (II) sulfate (CuSO₄, 98%), and lead (II) acetate trihydrate (Pb(ac)₂·3H₂O, 99.999%) were purchased from Strem Chemicals (Newburyport, MA, USA). Hydrazine monohydrate (98%), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂, 30% wt.), methylene blue (MB), and rhodamine 6G (Rh6G, 95%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MI, USA). Sodium hypochlorite (11–14% wt. available chlorine, assay result (iodometric titration) of 11.8% wt.) and rhodamine B (RhB) were purchased from Alfa Aesar (Heysham, Lancashire, UK). Hydrochloric acid (HCl, 32% wt.) was purchased from Bio-Lab (Jerusalem, Israel). All reagents were used as received without further purification. Deionized (DI) water was purified using a Millipore Direct-Q system (18.2 MΩ cm resistivity).

β-Lactoglobulin (β-LG), polyethylene glycol with an average molecular weight of 8000 g mol⁻¹ (PEG8000), guanidine hydrochloride (GdHCl), 1,6-hexanediol, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE), thioflavin T (ThT), sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate (NaH₂PO₄·H₂O), disodium hydrogen phosphate heptahydrate (Na₂HPO₄·7H₂O), p-nitrophenyl acetate (PNPA), p-nitrophenyl butyrate (PNPB), p-nitrophenyl valerate (PNPV), 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA), caproic acid (hexanoic acid), deuterium oxide (D₂O), dextran and sodium acetate trihydrate (CH₃COONa·3H₂O) were used as received from Sigma-Aldrich, U.S.A. β-LG (>90%) contains genetic variants β-lactoglobulins A and B (β-LG A and β-LG B). Dyes 7-(diethylamino)-3-(4-maleimidylphenyl)-4-methyl coumarin (CPM), 5-([4,6-dichlorotriazin-2-yl]amino) fluorescein hydrochloride (5-DTAF) and rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, U.S.A. All the chemicals were of the highest grade and were used without any further purification. Phosphate buffer (10 mM, pH 7.4) solutions were prepared using deionized Milli-Q water. Milli-Q water was obtained from a Millipore water purifier system (Milli-Q integral). The concentration of β-LG was 5 μM for CD spectroscopic measurements. For all other characterization studies, the concentration of β-LG was 50 μM.

Chitosan (MW 50 kDa) with approximately 85% deacetylation was obtained from Koyo Chemical (Japan). Fucose (purity ⩾ 99%), EGCG, gelatin, dimethyl sulfoxide, 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), acetic acid, Rhodamine 6G (Rh6G), fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and paraformaldehyde were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, USA). 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindodicarbocyanine-5,5′-disulfonic acid (DilC18(5)-DS) lipophilic dye was from Molecular Probes (Eugene, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS), and trypsin–EDTA were from Gibco (Grand Island, New York). All other chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade.

The films of UHMWPE (DSM, Sittard, The Netherlands) were used; the film thickness was 200 µm; M_n~10⁶. As physically active liquid environments (PALE), we used n-heptane, n-decane, and isopropanol (IPA) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MI, USA).
As contrasting colorants, Rhodamine 6G (RH6G) and Sudan IV (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MI, USA) were used.