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76 protocols using reverse transcription kit

1

Validating Differential Gene Expression

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Following RNA-seq analysis, differentially expressed genes were validated using quantitative RT-PCR.
The reverse transcription reaction for first-strand cDNA synthesis was performed using the Reverse Transcription Kit (Bio-Rad). Primers used for all genes are listed in Table S1. Primers used for internal control gene glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) were forward (CATGAGAAGTATGACAACAGCCT) and reverse (AGTCCTTCCACGATACCAAAGT).
The PCR reaction was performed at 95°C for 3 min, followed by 40 cycles of 95°C for 30 s and 60°C for 40 s. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis was performed with the CFX Connect Real-Time system (Bio-Rad). The gene expression levels for each individual sample were normalized to GAPDH. The relative expression was analyzed using the 2−ΔΔCt method. Experiments were repeated four times (N=4)
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2

RNA Extraction and RT-qPCR Analysis

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RNA was extracted from fresh or frozen tissues by homogenization in TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen) as previously described (Zhu et al., 2016 (link)). We used 1 μg RNA to transcribe cDNA with a reverse transcription kit (Bio-Rad). Most of RT-qPCR primers were from the Harvard Primer Bank (https://pga.mgh.harvard.edu/primerbank/). The relative expression levels were calculated using the comparative threshold cycle method, normalized to the housekeeping gene Gapdh.
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3

RT-PCR Validation of RNA-Seq in Mouse Models

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Expression of selected genes defined by RNA-Seq in both C57BL/6 and Fxr−/− mice was validated by RT-PCR. Three wild type replicates and three FXR−/− replicates were used for each age in RT-PCR analysis. Total RNA was converted into cDNA using Reverse Transcription kit according to the manufacturer’s protocol (Bio-Rad). PCR was performed using a CFX-96 thermocycler system (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA). To create the reaction mixture, 100 ng cDNA was added to 2X SYBR Green PCR Master Mix (Bio-Rad), with 10 μM forward primers and 10 μM reverse primers. Primer sequences for selected genes are listed in Supplemental Table S1 available online at http://www.agialpress.com/journals/nurr/2017/101308. PCR was conducted at 95°C for 3 minutes, followed by 40 cycles of 95°C for 10 seconds and 60°C for 1 minute. Results of RT-PCR for selected genes are shown in Supplemental Figure S1 available online at http://www.agialpress.com/journals/nurr/2017/101308, alongside FPKM results. The supplemental Table S2 available online at http://www.agialpress.com/journals/nurr/2017/101308 shows a strong correlation for the ten selected genes with Pearson’s correlation r values between 0.857 and 0.967 for C57BL/6 mice and between 0.960 and 0.999 for Fxr−/− mice between the two quantification methods.
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4

Quantitative Real-Time PCR Analysis of Gene Expression

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Total RNA was extracted from kidney tissues and bone marrow cells using TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). Aliquots (1 μg) of total RNA were reverse transcribed using cDNA Reverse Transcription kit (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA). Quantitative real-time PCR was performed using IQ SYBR green supermix reagent (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA) with a Bio-Rad real-time PCR machine according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Relative mRNA expression levels of target genes were obtained by normalizing to GAPDH in each sample using the comparative Ct method (ΔΔCt) and the relative quantification was calculated as 2−ΔΔCt (25 (link)). The gene-specific primer sequences were: arginase (Arg1) forward, 5’-CTCCAAGCCAAAGTCCTTAGAG-3’,-reverse, 5’-AGGAGCTGTCATTAGGGACATC-3’;mannose receptor C-type 1 (MRC1)-forward, 5’-GGTCTATGGAACCACGGATGA-3’,-reverse, 5’-TGCCCAGTAAGGAGTACATGG-3’;found in inflammatory zone 1 (Fizz1)-forward, 5’-CCAATCCAGCTAACTATCCCTCC-3’,-reverse, 5’-ACCCAGTAGCAGTCATCCCA-3’;CCL17-forward, 5’- CGAGAGTGCTGCCTGGATTACT-3’,-reverse, 5’- GGTCTGCACAGATGAGCTTGCC-3’;GAPDH-forward, 5’-CCAATGTGTCCGTC?A3B2 ek?>GCGTGGATCT-3’,-reverse, 5’-GTTGAAGTCGCAGGAGACAACC-3’.
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5

SLCO4A1-AS1 Expression Profiling in Cancers

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Total RNAs were extracted using TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen, USA). One µg of total RNA from the samples was reverse transcribed using a Reverse Transcription Kit (BioRad, Hercules, CA, USA). RT-PCR was performed using SYBR Green (BioRad) in the LightCycler 480 RT-PCR Detection System (Roche). Primers were synthesized by Sangon Biotech Company (Shanghai, China): SLCO4A1-AS1 forward 5'-CACTTTCCAGCCTCTCACCA-3', and reverse 5'-GGCCACCTCCTCAAACAAGA-3'; β-actin forward 5'-TCACCAACTGGGACGACATG-3', and reverse 5'-GTCACCGGAGTCCATCACGAT-3'. SLCO 4A1-AS1 expression was normalized to the respective β-actin expression level. Relative expression was calculated using the equation: ΔCt = Ct (target gene) - Ct (β-actin), fold expression = 2-(ΔCt(tumor) - ΔCt(normal)) by Cq value.
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6

Quantitative RT-PCR for Mouse IL-17A

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RNAs were isolated using a QIAGEN RNeasy kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions (QIAGEN) or TRIzol (Thermo Fisher SCIENTIFIC). After reverse transcription into cDNA with a Reverse Transcription Kit (Bio-Rad), qPCR was then performed on Bio-Rad CFX Connect™ Real-time system (Bio-Rad) using SYBR Green (Bio-Rad) and gene-specific primers were listed as follows: mouse IL-17A (Mm_Il17a_SG, QIAGEN) were purchased from QIAGEN; other primers were described in the Key Resources Table. Mouse gene expression level was normalized to mouse β−2 microglobulin (β-MG) housekeeping gene and represented data as fold differences by the 2−ΔΔCt method, where ΔCt = Ct(target gene)-Ct(β-MG) and ΔΔCt = ΔCt(induced)-ΔCt(reference).
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7

Gene Expression Analysis by RT-qPCR

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RNA was extracted from fresh or frozen tissues by homogenization in TRIzol Reagent as previously described (Zhu et al., 2017 (link)). We used 0.5 μg RNA to transcribe cDNA with a reverse transcription kit (Bio-Rad). Most of RT-qPCR primers were from Harvard PrimerBank (https://pga.mgh.harvard.edu/primerbank/). The relative expression levels were calculated using the comparative threshold cycle method, normalized to the housekeeping gene Rps16.
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8

Quantitative Gene Expression Analysis

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RNA was extracted with Trizol reagent (Invitrogen) as described in the manufacturer protocols. Extracted RNA was transcribed to cDNA with a Reverse Transcription Kit (Bio-Rad). qRT-PCR reaction was performed using SYBR Green Supermix (Bio-Rad) with the relevant primers (Table S1) and the reaction was detected on MyiQ single color RT-PCR detection system (Bio-Rad). The change in gene expression was quantified by measuring the change in threshold (ΔΔCT), where ΔCt= Ct target gene-Ct House keeping gene and ΔΔCt= ΔCt induced- ΔCt reference. All primer sequences were listed in the Supplemental Table 2.
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9

Quantitative RT-PCR for Mouse IL-17A

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RNAs were isolated using a QIAGEN RNeasy kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions (QIAGEN) or TRIzol (Thermo Fisher SCIENTIFIC). After reverse transcription into cDNA with a Reverse Transcription Kit (Bio-Rad), qPCR was then performed on Bio-Rad CFX Connect™ Real-time system (Bio-Rad) using SYBR Green (Bio-Rad) and gene-specific primers were listed as follows: mouse IL-17A (Mm_Il17a_SG, QIAGEN) were purchased from QIAGEN; other primers were described in the Key Resources Table. Mouse gene expression level was normalized to mouse β−2 microglobulin (β-MG) housekeeping gene and represented data as fold differences by the 2−ΔΔCt method, where ΔCt = Ct(target gene)-Ct(β-MG) and ΔΔCt = ΔCt(induced)-ΔCt(reference).
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10

Quantification of IRF5 Expression in PBMC

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Total RNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of recipients within 6 months post-transplant, and cDNA was synthesized by reverse transcription kit (Bio-Rad, CA). The expression of IRF5 was detected on ABI 7500 Fast Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems, CA) using iTaq Universal SYBR Green Supermix real-time PCR kit (Bio-Rad, CA). The primer pairs of IRF5 and GAPDH for real-time PCR detection were listed as following; IRF5, forward 5′- GACATCCCCAGTGACAAGCA -3′, reverse 5′- AGAACACCTTGCACTGACACA -3′, and GAPDH, forward 5′-ATGGGGAAGGTGAAGGTCG-3′, reverse 5′-GGGGTCATTGATGGCAACAATA-3′. The real-time PCR procedure included a cDNA denaturation at 95°C for 20 sec, and then 40 cycles of amplification with 10 sec at 95°C and 30 sec at 58°C, following with a melt-curve analysis. The relative expression of IRF5 mRNA was calculated by ΔΔCT method.
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