Nucleopore membrane filter

Human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs—ATCC SCRC-1041) were maintained in Dulbecco's Modified Eagles Medium (DMEM) containing 10% heat inactivated Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS, PAA Laboratories), 2 mM Glutamine, 1% Penicillin/Streptomycin (GIBCO) (D10 Complete). The T. gondii RH strain and the RHΔhxgprt [35 (link)] were maintained by serial passage in HFFs as described [36 (link)]. Tachyzoites were harvested after lysis of the monolayer, unless otherwise stated, by scraping, passage through a 26-gauge needle and a 3-μm Nucleopore membrane filter (Whatman), and collected by centrifugation (400xg, 15 min at 4°C). P. berghei strains were ANKA HP (also called 15cy1A), and the GFP-expressing 507cl1 clone [37 (link)]. Anopheles gambiae G3 strain was used for mosquito infections.

To determine the biochemical compositions (carbohydrates, CHO; proteins, PRT; and lipids, LIP) of the phytoplankton, seawater samples were collected from three light depths (100, 30, and 1%) at seven stations selected from the 10 productivity stations (UB: three stations and NES: four stations). Each sample for the analysis of the total phytoplankton biochemical composition was filtered through 0.7 μm Whatman GF/F filters (47 mm). To evaluate the biochemical compositions of the small phytoplankton, additional water samples were passed sequentially through 2 μm Nucleopore membrane filters (47 mm) and 0.7 μm Whatman GF/F filters (47 mm). The biochemical compositions of the large phytoplankton were estimated as the difference in the compositions between the total and small phytoplankton. The filters were frozen immediately and preserved for further analysis at the laboratory. Each biochemical compound (CHO, PRT, and LIP) was analyzed at the laboratory based on the methods of Lowry et al. (1951) (link); Dubois et al. (1956) (link), and Bligh and Dyer (1959) (link), respectively. The detailed methods used for analyzing each biochemical compound are described in Bhavya et al. (2019) (link). FM represented the sum of the three biochemical components (CHO, PRT, and LIP), and calorific contents were calculated following Winberg (1971) .