Curved feeding needle

9–11 weeks old Ido1^+/+ mice were administered L-1MT. To prepare L-1MT for oral gavage, 1g of L-1MT (purchased from Sigma-Aldrich) was added to a 15 ml conical tube with 10 ml Methocel/Tween [0.5% Tween 80/0.5% Methylcellulose (v/v in water; both from Sigma-Aldrich)]. The mixture was bead milled overnight by adding 2–3 mm glass beads and mixing inversion. The next day, the L-1MT concentration was adjusted to 80 mg/ml by adding an additional 2.5 ml Methocel/Tween and mixing again. The L-1MT slurry was administered by oral gavage at 400 mg/kg/dose (100 μl of total volume) using a curved feeding needle (20-gquge 1^1/2 in; Fisher) as previously described41 (link). For twice a day dosing, L-1MT was administered once in the morning and once in the evening. On day 5 of the experiment, all mice received 2% DSS treatment and mice were sacrificed on day 13.