TAK‐137 was synthesized by Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited (Fujisawa, Japan) and suspended in 0.5% (w/v) methylcellulose in distilled water; oral administration (p.o.) was conducted at a volume of 2 mL kg−1 in rats, 20 mL kg−1 in mice, and 5 mL kg−1 in monkeys. A solution of 0.5% methylcellulose was administered as the vehicle control. Methamphetamine hydrochloride (METH, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Osaka, Japan) at 0.5 mg kg−1 and (+)‐MK‐801 hydrogen maleate (MK‐801, Sigma‐Aldrich St Louis, MO) at 0.08 or 0.1 mg kg−1 were dissolved in 0.9% saline and subcutaneously administered (s.c.) to rats at a volume of 2 mL kg−1. Phencyclidine hydrochloride (PCP, Sigma‐Aldrich, Poole, UK) (2 mg kg−1) was dissolved in 0.9% saline and administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) to rats at a volume of 1 mL kg−1 twice per day for 7 days. Ketamine hydrochloride (KETALARⓇ, Daiichi Sankyo Propharma Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) was dissolved in 0.9% saline and administered intramuscularly (i.m.) to monkeys at a volume of 5 mL kg−1.
Phencyclidine hydrochloride pcp
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Phencyclidine hydrochloride (PCP) is a chemical compound primarily used for research and analysis purposes. It is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in water and alcohol. PCP is commonly used in various analytical and scientific applications, such as in the field of pharmacology, toxicology, and forensics.
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7 protocols using phencyclidine hydrochloride pcp
1
Dosage and Administration of Psychoactive Drugs
2
Investigating Ghrelin and PCP Interactions
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All drugs used were dissolved in a physiological saline solution (0.9 % NaCl) in the morning on the day of the experiment and administered in a volume of 2 ml/kg via intra peritoneal (i.p.) injections. Acyl ghrelin (Tocris, Bristol, UK) was given in a dose range (0.033, 0.1, and 0.33 mg/kg) that previously has been shown to affect feeding responses, central c-Fos expression, and behavior (Hewson and Dickson 2000 (link); Wren et al. 2000 (link); Davis et al. 2007 (link)). The doses of the selective GHSR-1A neutral antagonist, JMV 2959 (a gift from AeternaZentaris GmBH, Frankfurt, Germany), used for the JMV 2959 dose response were 1, 3, and 6 mg/kg. The 3 and 6 mg/kg doses have previously been shown to inhibit ghrelin and fasting-induced feeding and affect various behavioral responses (Salome et al. 2009 (link)). Phencyclidine hydrochloride (PCP, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) was given at a dose of 2 mg/kg, which is known to produce robust disruptions of PPI (Geyer et al. 2001 (link)). The sub-threshold dose of PCP used was 0.75 mg/kg which has no or very weak effects on PPI (Geyer et al. 2001 (link)). For the interaction studies between PCP and JMV 2959 or ghrelin, a dose of 2 mg/kg of JMV 2959 and 0.33 mg/kg of ghrelin was used.
3
Pharmacological Treatments in Rodents
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Phencyclidine hydrochloride (PCP, Sigma-Aldrich, Denmark), amphetamine (Dexamphetamine, Fagron, UK), apomorphine hydrocloride (Sigma-Aldrich), and quinpirole hydrocloride were all dissolved in 0.9% saline and pH-adjusted where appropriate. SKF-81297 hydrobromide (synthesized at Lundbeck) was dissolved in isotonic water with 5% glucose and pH-adjusted. Compounds were injected subcutaneously at a volume of 10 ml/kg.
4
Antipsychotic Drug Dose-Response Effects
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Phencyclidine hydrochloride (PCP) (Sigma Aldrich, MO) was dissolved in 0.9% saline and administered by a subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of a volume of 2 ml/kg and a concentration of 2 mg/kg. Aripiprazole (Forest Laboratories, NY) was suspended in 2% Tween 80 in distilled H2O and administered by oral (p.o.) gavage (1, 3, or 10 mg/kg). Cariprazine HCl (Forest Laboratories, NY) was also dissolved in 2% Tween 80 and administered p.o. (0.03, 0.1, or 0.3 mg/kg). Drugs were administered according to the treatment regimen described as follows by an experimenter blind to all treatment groups throughout testing.
5
Pharmacological Evaluation of EGIS 11150
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All solutions were freshly prepared and mice were administered a volume of 10 mL/kg (ip. and sc.) or 20 mL/kg (p.o.). Rats received a volume of 5 mL/kg for p.o. and 2 mL/kg for ip. and sc. treatments.
EGIS 11150 (4-Chloro-5-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-benzo[d]isoxazol-3-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-ethylamino}-2-methyl-2H-pyridazin-3-one;), risperidone and olanzapine were synthesized by EGIS Pharmaceuticals PLC. Budapest Hungary. Phencyclidine hydrochloride (PCP) was from Sigma (St. Louis MO, USA, or Tocris Biosciences, Bristol, UK), as were atropine and prazosin; ZD7288 and gabazine were from Tocris Biosciences (UK), and ketamine, haloperidol and clozapine from RBI (Natick, MA, USA). For the EEG experiments PCP, ketamine and the other drugs were dissolved in 0.9% NaCl containing agar. Phencyclidine hydrochloride was suspended in 0.4 % (w/v) hydroxypropyl methylcellulose solution (Methocell F4 M, Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI, USA). The doses administered were calculated on the basis of the salt.
EGIS 11150 (4-Chloro-5-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-benzo[d]isoxazol-3-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-ethylamino}-2-methyl-2H-pyridazin-3-one;), risperidone and olanzapine were synthesized by EGIS Pharmaceuticals PLC. Budapest Hungary. Phencyclidine hydrochloride (PCP) was from Sigma (St. Louis MO, USA, or Tocris Biosciences, Bristol, UK), as were atropine and prazosin; ZD7288 and gabazine were from Tocris Biosciences (UK), and ketamine, haloperidol and clozapine from RBI (Natick, MA, USA). For the EEG experiments PCP, ketamine and the other drugs were dissolved in 0.9% NaCl containing agar. Phencyclidine hydrochloride was suspended in 0.4 % (w/v) hydroxypropyl methylcellulose solution (Methocell F4 M, Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI, USA). The doses administered were calculated on the basis of the salt.
6
Pharmacological Evaluation of 25CN-NBOH Interactions
7
Phencyclidine-Risperidone Interaction Study
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We used phencyclidine hydrochloride (PCP; Sigma-Aldrich) 10 mg/kg, 5+5 days, as in Rajagopal et al. (2014) (link); risperidone (RIS; Sigma-Aldrich) 0.5 mg/kg, 14 consecutive days. PCP was administered subcutaneously (SC) and risperidone intraperitoneally (IP). The following pharmacological groups were investigated: sPCP (n = 21 mice), sPCP-RIS (n = 9), and their corresponding saline controls: SAL (n = 8), sPCP-SAL (n = 7), SAL-SAL (n = 8; Figure 1B and Supplementary Figure 1 ).
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