Myrecitin

Aluminum chloride, ammonium molybdate, ascorbic acid (Vitamin-C), caffeic acid, catechin, dibasic sodium phosphate, 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric chloride, Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, gallic acid, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), kaempferol, monobasic sodium phosphate, myrecitin, nitric acid, potassium acetate, potassium ferricyanide, quercetin, rutin sodium carbonate, sodium phosphate, trichloroacetic acid, chloroform, methanol, acetone, and dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich chemical co.

Solvents were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). All chemical standards including curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, rutin, quercetin-3-glycoside, myrecitin, quercetin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, luteolin-7-o-glycoside were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Folin–Ciocalteau reagent, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric chloride, Na₂CO₃, NaNO₂, AlCl₃, KH₂PO₄, potassium ferric cyanide, and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).

RPMI 1640 medium, Opti-MEM® I Reduced-Serum Medium and fetal bovine serum, Lipofectamine™ 2000 Transfection Reagent, TRIzol RNA isolation reagent and primers were from Invitrogen (Grand Island, NY). Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), melphalan, myrecitin, synthetic siRNA against APE1 and MDR1 were from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO). Tetrahydrofuran-containing oligonucleotides, biotin-conjugated oligos and all other regular oligos were synthesized from Takara (Dalian, China). T4 polynucleotide kinase (T4 PNK), T4 ligase, restriction endonucleases, and high-fidelity Pfu DNA polymerase were from Promega (Madison, WI). Halt protease inhibitor cocktail, LightShift chemiluminescent EMSA kit, Super Signal West Pico chemiluminescent reagents, horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-mouse or anti-rabbit IgG antibodies were from Pierce (Rockford, IL). The chemo-sensitive RPMI-8226 and U266 cell line were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA) and their melphalan-resistant sublines RPMI-8226/LR5 and U266/LR6 were obtained from Dr. William S. Dalton (Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL). All MM cell lines were grown in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 U/ml penicillin and 100 μg/ml streptomycin (Hyclone, Logan, UT), and maintained at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere in the presence of 5% CO₂-95% air.