C57bl 6ncrljori

CD1 (ICR) mice (CriOri; OrientBio, Korea) were used for VPA-exposed mouse preparation as previously described^{38 (link)}. VPA (350 mg/kg, 10 ml/kg) or vehicle (0.9% saline) was subcutaneously injected into pregnant mice over the interscapular region at E10. Social behavior tests were performed 6-7 weeks after birth. Six-week-old C57BL/6N male mice (C57BL/6NCrljOri; OrientBio, Korea) were used for the prefrontal Rnf146 overexpression experiments. Rnf146- or eGFP-overexpressing mice were subjected to behavioral tests 4 weeks after viral injection. Animals were reared with a standard 12 h light/12 h dark cycle. All animal experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of KonKuk University (KU18054) and Seoul National University (SNU-180521-3-6).

C57BL/6 mice (C57BL/6NCrljOri) were purchased from Orient Bio (Seongnam, Gyeonggi Province, Korea). Del-1^−/− mice on a C57BL/6 background were kindly provided by Prof. T. Chavakis (Dresden University, Germany) (24 (link)). Sex- and age-matched mice were used for the experiments. Six- to eight-week-old WT and Del-1^−/− mice were anesthetised by intraperitoneal injection of avertin solution (0.5 mL, containing tribromethanol and amylalcohol) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). Forty microliters of BLM (Sigma-Aldrich, B5507; MB Cell, MB-B4252) were injected into the trachea. Different concentrations (0.7–2 U/kg) of BLM were used for some experiments because BLM activity differed according to the provider and the lot number. At the indicated dpa, the BALF and lung tissues were collected for analysis. To induce systemic fibrosis in WT and Del-1^−/− mice, 100 μL of BLM (8 U/kg/dose; Sigma-Aldrich, B5507) were injected subcutaneously on a daily basis for 15 days, as previously described (33 (link)). Skin and lung tissues were collected at 23 dpa after the first BLM injection.