Uncoated, polished thin sections were observed under plane (PPL) and cross-polarised light (XPL) on a Zeiss Axioskop optical microscope. Fabrics, fabric types, fabric coding and microstratigraphic logging followed the conceptual framework proposed in Frisia10 , which is based on models of fabric development.
Axioskop optical microscope
Manufactured by Zeiss
Sourced in Germany
The Axioskop optical microscope is a high-performance microscope designed for a variety of laboratory applications. It features a sturdy, ergonomic design and delivers exceptional imaging quality. The Axioskop provides stable and precise observation of samples, making it a reliable tool for tasks that require detailed microscopic analysis.
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Lab products found in correlation
Axiovision analysis software, by Zeiss (2 mentions)
Hematoxylin eosin, by Bio-Optica (1 mentions)
Axiocam mrc5 color camera, by Zeiss (1 mentions)
Axiocam mrc5, by Zeiss (1 mentions)
Paraffin, by Bio-Optica (1 mentions)
Oil red o, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Neurosilver staining kit 2, by FD NeuroTechnologies (1 mentions)
5 protocols using axioskop optical microscope
1
Petrographic Fabric Analysis Protocol
2
Histological Analysis of Dentate Gyrus
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Surface of the dentate gyrus, and thickness of the granule cell layer were measured in histological sections. After sacrifice, the brain was dissected, and one hemisphere was fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin (20–24 h), and processed for paraffin-embedding. Sections were cut on a coronal plane at a thickness of 8 μm on a rotary microtome and mounted on clean glass PolysineTM slides (Menzel-Gläser, Germany). Sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (Bio-Optica, Italy), according to standard protocol. Each section was documented at 5, 10, and 40× magnification using a Axioskop optical microscope connected with an AxioCam MRc5 color-camera and AxioVision analysis software (Carl Zeiss, Germany). By using the ImageJ software (version 2.0.0-rc-43/1.51k1 ), contour of the dentate gyrus was manually drawn in 10× images and its area recorded. Thickness of the granule cell layer of the suprapyramidal and of the infrapyramidal blades was based on the average of three measures obtained in proximity of the apex, the mid and the distal parts in each blade.
3
Quantifying Adipocyte Morphology in WAT and BAT
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WAT (n = 47) and BAT (n = 47) samples were fixed in 10% formalin for 24 h, dehydrated, embedded in paraffin (Bio-Optica, Milano, Italy), sliced (Microm HM 330) with a thickness of 5 μm, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, according to standard protocols. Each section was documented at ×40 magnification using an Axioskop optical microscope connected with an AxioCam MRc5 color-camera and AxioVision analysis software (Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany). WAT adipocyte number and BAT lipid-laden surface (% of slice area occupancy) were quantified in a minimum of 3 slices in each animal by a blinded operator using the image analysis software ImageJ (version 1.46r, https://imagej.nih.gov/ij ). The number of adipocytes per tissue area (cell density) was used as an indirect indicator of intracellular lipid content, i.e., the higher the number of cells per tissue area, the smaller their volume and therefore their lipid content.
4
Neutral Lipid Staining in Muscle
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Oil Red O staining for neutral lipids was performed on frozen sections of the red portion of the vastus muscle. Stock solution was prepared by combining 2.5 g of Oil Red O (Sigma Aldrich, Canada) and 400 ml isopropyl alcohol (99%) and stirred for 2 h. Working solution was prepared by mixing 1.5 parts stock with 1 part ddH2O which was cooled and filtered. Slides were mounted in aqueous mounting media (10% PBS and 90% glycerol) and photographed using a Zeiss Axioskop Optical Microscope and Northern Eclipse software.
5
Quantitative Neurodegenerative Silver Staining
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Silver staining was performed as described previously. Using 6-well plates and net-wells, free-floating sections were stained with the NeuroSilver™ staining kit II (Catalog#: PK301, FD NeuroTechnologies, Inc., Baltimore, USA) following manufacturer’s instructions. This kit labels degenerating neuronal bodies, processes and terminals. Images were taken using Zeiss Axioskop Optical Microscope at 20X magnification, with two images being taken along the dentate gyrus, from the apex to the hilus/opening of the blades, one image each of the CA3, CA1 and subiculum. At least 4 sections from 4 to 5 animals/genotype were stained and sections selected were at least 120 μm apart. Using ImageJ (Fiji) Software (NIH), images were converted to 8 bit and thresholded to make the silver particles black and background white (Circularity of 0–0.65). Particles were numbered and averaged for each animal. The same parameters were used for each section, animal and both genotypes.
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