NTX-HCl was obtained from Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals (Webster Groves, MO, USA). P407 was obtained from Anatrace (Maumee, OH, USA). HEPES and sodium bicarbonate were obtained from Research Products International (Mt. Prospect, IL, USA). Sodium hydroxide (1N), o-phosphoric acid, and methanol Optima® were obtained from Fisher Chemical (Lenexa, KS, USA). Octanesulfonate sodium, Hank’s balanced salts, HPLC grade water, and HPLC grade acetonitrile were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Snakeskin® cellulose acetate membrane (10,000 MWCO) was obtained from Thermo Scientific (Rockford, IL, USA). Solid stainless steel microneedle arrays of 600 μm or 750 μm length (200 μm width, 75 μm thickness, 1.3 mm inter-needle spacing for both) consisting of 50 projections bent 90° out of plane were purchased from Tech Etch (Plymouth, MA, USA).
Hank s balanced salts
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Hank's Balanced Salts is a buffered salt solution commonly used in cell culture and biological applications. It contains a balanced mixture of inorganic salts, glucose, and phenol red as a pH indicator. The solution provides a physiologically relevant environment to maintain cell viability and support cellular processes during in vitro studies.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Hepes, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Hplc grade water, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Methanol optima, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Hepes, by Research Products International (2 mentions)
Octanesulfonate sodium, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Hplc grade acetonitrile, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium bicarbonate, by Research Products International (2 mentions)
Dispase, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
H2387 10x1l, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Collagenase type 4, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Trucount 4.2 μm beads, by BD (2 mentions)
Propylene glycol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Quercetin dihydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Vincristine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Probenecid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Poly l lysine hydrobromide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium bicarbonate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
D glucose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Rifampicin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Zoletil 50, by Virbac (1 mentions)
16 protocols using hank s balanced salts
1
Microneedle-Assisted Transdermal Drug Delivery
2
Cellular Uptake of Pharmaceutical Agents
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Quercetin dihydrate, phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP), probenecid, rifampicin, vincristine, Hank's balanced salts, minimum essential medium (MEM) non-essential amino acid solution, poly-L -lysine hydrobromide, D -glucose, HEPES, and sodium bicarbonate were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO). Docetaxel trihydrate was obtained from Shin Poong Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. (Ansan, Republic of Korea). Zoletil® 50 (a mixture of 25 mg/ml of zolazepam and tiletamine each) was obtained from Virbac (Carros, France). All other chemicals and reagents were of analytical or HPLC grade as appropriate.
3
Corrosion Evaluation of AZ31 Mg Alloy
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The samples of the AZ31 Mg alloy (Alfa Aesar Company, Republic of Korea) were cut into the dimensions of 12 × 12 × 6.35 mm to fit them into the holder of the electrochemical cell for the corrosion evaluation. The chemical composition was balanced as Al 3%, Zn 1%, and Mg 96%. Further, these samples were polished with 200, 800, 1200, and 2000 silicon carbide (SiC) abrasive papers, followed by their immersion in ethanol, a 15-min sonication, a washing with distilled water, and then a drying under hot air. Silver nitrate (AgNO3), gold chloride trihydrate (HAuCl4.3H2O), dopamine hydrochloride, and Hank’s balanced salts were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (USA); tris (hydroxy methyl) amino methane (TRIS) 99.0% and the HF were purchased from Samchun (Republic of Korea); sodium chloride (NaCl) was purchased from DaeJung Co., Ltd. (Republic of Korea); and potassium chloride (KCl) was purchased from Showa Co., Ltd. (Japan).
4
Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Assays
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Commercially available
chemicals and solvents were used without further purification and
distillation. Chemical reactions were carried out without any inert
gas condition. Precoated silica gel aluminum sheets 60F254 for analytical thin-layer chromatography (TLC) were obtained from
EMD Millipore Laboratories. Cell culture media (Dulbecco’s
modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM)) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium
bromide (MTT) were purchased from HiMedia. Sodium dodecyl sulfate
(SDS), Hanks’ balanced salts, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N′-ethanesulfonic acid sodium salt, propidium iodide,
calcein AM, Annexin V-FITC Staining Kit and 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein-diacetate
(DCFH-DA) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. MitoTracker Red CMXRos
and tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester perchlorate (TMRM) were purchased
from Thermo Fisher Scientific. All of the primary and secondary antibodies
were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology, Biolegend, and Abcam.
Confocal laser scanning microscopy was performed by a Zeiss LSM 710
machine. Flow cytometry analysis was performed using a BD FACS Calibur
flow cytometer. Each sample was done in triplicate.
chemicals and solvents were used without further purification and
distillation. Chemical reactions were carried out without any inert
gas condition. Precoated silica gel aluminum sheets 60F254 for analytical thin-layer chromatography (TLC) were obtained from
EMD Millipore Laboratories. Cell culture media (Dulbecco’s
modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM)) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium
bromide (MTT) were purchased from HiMedia. Sodium dodecyl sulfate
(SDS), Hanks’ balanced salts, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N′-ethanesulfonic acid sodium salt, propidium iodide,
calcein AM, Annexin V-FITC Staining Kit and 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein-diacetate
(DCFH-DA) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. MitoTracker Red CMXRos
and tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester perchlorate (TMRM) were purchased
from Thermo Fisher Scientific. All of the primary and secondary antibodies
were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology, Biolegend, and Abcam.
Confocal laser scanning microscopy was performed by a Zeiss LSM 710
machine. Flow cytometry analysis was performed using a BD FACS Calibur
flow cytometer. Each sample was done in triplicate.
5
Corrosion Behavior of Quinary Wires
6
Neuroprotective Effects of Polyphenol-rich Extract
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Hot water-extracted PBE was obtained from Nutrapharm Ltd. (Yongin, Republic of Korea). SCOP hydrobromide, protocatechuic acid, (+)-catechin, procyanidin B1, procyanidin B2, procyanidin B3, taxifolin, caffeic acid, quercetin, (−)-epicatechin, Hank’s Balanced Salts, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES), 2-thiobarbituric acid, trichloroacetic acid, 1,1,3,3-tetramethoxypropane, acetylthiocholine, 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX), DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (DL-AP5), malondialdehyde tetrabutylammonium salt, and 5,5′-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co., LLC (St. Louis, MO, USA). Lysis buffer was obtained from Noble Bio, Inc. (Hwaseong, Republic of Korea). Protease inhibitor cocktail was purchased from GenDEPOT (Barker, TX, USA). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) assay kit (DG-SOD400) and catalase assay kit (DG-CAT400) were purchased from DoGenBio Co., Ltd. (Seoul, Republic of Korea). Horse serum and penicillin-streptomycin were purchased from Biowest (Nuaillé, France) and Gibco BRL (Grand Island, NY, USA), respectively. LC-MS grade water and acetonitrile were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
7
Intestinal Permeability Assay using Caco-2 Cells
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Caco-2 cells polarized for 10 days were pretreated with LF extract for 24 h, followed by exposure to a cytokine cocktail (50 ng/mL TNF-α + 50 ng/mL IFN-γ + 25 ng/mL IL-1β + 10 µg/mL LPS) applied on the apical side of the chamber for an additional 24 h. Apical and basal side were then washed with HBSS (Hanks' balanced salts, Sigma-Aldrich Co., USA) supplemented with 10 mM HEPES (Sigma-Aldrich Co., USA). Fresh HBSS/HEPES was added to the basal side, and 4 kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-dextran, Sigma-Aldrich Co., Sweden) diluted with HBSS/HEPES solution to a final concentration of 1 mg/mL was added to the apical chamber and incubated for 72 h. At the indicated time point, the basal solutions were collected and the fluorescence signal was detected using a DTX 800 multimode detector (DTX800, Beckman Coulter Inc., Brea, CA, USA) at excitation wavelength of 490 nm and emission wavelength of 520 nm.
8
Isolation and Culture of Primary Cells
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Tissue was washed twice in cold phosphate buffered saline before being minced into 5 mm pieces in a sterile culture dish. The minced pieces were transferred into 50 mL conical tubes containing Hanks' balanced salts (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA), supplemented with 25 mM HEPES, 100 units/mL antibiotics, 1.5 mg/mL collagenase IV (Sigma-Aldrich) and 0.2 mg/mL of DNase I (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany). All the tubes were kept at 37℃ in a water bath with gentle agitation for 3 hours. Undigested tissue was filtered and the cells were centrifuged at 1,000 rpm for 5 minutes. The pellet was rinsed once with Hanks' balanced salts and dispersed in complete medium composed of DMEM/F12 with 10% fetal bovine serum, 1% penicillin/streptomycin. The culture medium was changed every two days.
9
Isolation of Colonic Epithelial Cells
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Following the manufacturer’s instructions, Hanks’ balanced salt solution (HBSS) was prepared from the solid salts (Sigma Aldrich, Burlington, MA, USA, Hanks’ Balanced Salts, H2387-10X1L). The enzyme mix for digestion was prepared as follows: 0.4 mg/mL collagenase type IV (Gibco, Billings, MT, 17104-019) and 0.6 mg/mL dispase (Gibco, 17105-041) were added to 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) low Ig (PAN Biotech, Aidenbach, Germany, P30-2802) in HBSS colorless (Sigma Aldrich, H8264-1L). Cells were isolated from 2 cm of the distal colon per sample. The samples were first transferred in 2 mM EDTA (Sigma Aldrich, 38057-1EA) in HBSS for 15 min at 37 °C while shaking. The supernatant was removed, and the samples were incubated in 2 mM EDTA in HBSS for another 30 min. The supernatant was removed again, and the samples were incubated in warm HBSS before transferring into the previously prepared enzyme mix for digestion and incubated for 20 min at 37 °C while shaking. After incubation, the samples were sheared with the help of a syringe and 18 G needle and then passed through a 70 µm cell strainer. The supernatant was removed after centrifugation, and the cells were resuspended in PBS before staining and fixation.
10
Multiparametric Phenotypic Analysis of Diverse Cell Populations
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Recombinant annexin-V (microvesicle marker) and mouse anti-human cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3; marker of T-lymphocyte), CD14 (monocyte marker), CD15 (neutrophil marker), CD19 (B-lymphocyte marker), CD45 (total leukocytes marker), CD68 (macrophage marker), and CD138 (plasma cell marker) antibodies conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) or R-phycoerythrin (PE) and TruCOUNT™ (4.2 μm) beads were purchased from BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA. Mouse anti-human CD319 (marker of plasma cell) antibody was purchased from BioLegend, San Diego, CA. FITC conjugated rabbit anti-human fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) antibody was obtained from Biorbyt, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK. PE conjugated rabbit anti-human Huntington interacting protein 1 (HIP1), anti-human SLC20A1 (phosphate transporter 1; PiT1), anti-human SLC20A2 (phosphate transporter 2; PiT2), and anti-human Klotho antibodies were from Lifespan Biosciences, Inc. Seattle, WA. FITC conjugated rabbit anti-human anoctamin-4 (ANO4) antibody was obtained from United States Biological, Salem, MA. HEPES (4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid), and Hanks balanced salts were purchased from Sigma Chemicals, St. Louis, MO. All reagents and solvents used in this study were of analytical/reagent grade.
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