Rhosin

3-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl)-2-ethyl-N-[4-(1,3-thiazol-2-ylsulfamoyl)phenyl]-1-benzofuran-6-sulfonamide (PTP Inhibitor XXII), Rhosin, and NSC23766, PP2, and Ki8751 were all purchased form Merck Millipore (Darmstadt, Germany). TCS401 was purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK).

Cell migration and invasion assay was performed as previously described [35 (link)]. The cells were seeded into the upper chambers in FBS-free RPMI1640 medium after adding rhosin (Merck Millipore) or verteporfin (Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI, USA). The lower chambers were loaded with FBS-free RPMI1640 medium including 50 ng/mL SDF-1 (PeproTech, London, UK). The cell adhesion assay was performed as previously described [35 (link)].

Aβ42 peptide was purchased from American Peptide Company (Sunnyvale, CA, USA) and was prepared as previously described (Byun et al., 2015). It was dissolved in hexafluoroisopropanol for 72 h at room temperature (RT) and lyophilized. The peptide was then dissolved again in dimethylsulfoxide. Anti‐ZO‐1, anti‐Claudin 5 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), anti‐GAPDH (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), anti‐GFP (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., Santa Cruz, CA, USA), anti‐CD31 (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA), antiphospho CREB (Cell signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti‐CREB (Cell signaling Technology), and anti‐Annexin A1 (Invitrogen, Carsbad, CA, USA) were used for Western blot analysis, and Anti‐ZO‐1 (Thermo Fisher Scientific) was used for immunofluorescence images. Y27632, MK801, and l‐glutamate were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA), Rhosin was purchased from Merck Millipore (Billerica, MA, USA), and human Annexin A1 (ANXA1) recombinant protein was purchased from MyBioSource (San Diego, CA, USA). For experiments, bEnd.3 cells and/or pericytes were treated with Aβ42 (2 μm and/or 5 μm; from 0 to 24 h, differently for each experiment), ANXA1 (1 μg mL⁻¹ and/or 2 μg mL⁻¹; for 24.5 h), Y27632 (30 μm; for 24 h), Rhosin (10 μm; for 24 h), l‐glutamate (30 μm; for 30 min or 24 h), and MK801 (10 μm; for 30 min or 24 h).