Lead bromide pbbr2

Indium-doped tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass slides (2 cm × 2 cm) with a sheet resistivity of 10 Ω/□ were obtained from AMG, Korea. The zinc acetate dihydrate (Zn(CH₃CO)₂∙2H₂O, 99.99%), lead bromide (PbBr₂, 99.99%), and 4-tert-butylpyridine (tBP) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Formamidinium bromide (FABr, 99.99%) was obtained from Greatcell Solar Materials Pvt Ltd. Lead iodide (PbI₂, 99.99%) was acquired from TCI chemicals. Gold pellets (Au, 99.99%) and Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) were bought from Rieke Metals Inc. (Lincoln, NE, USA). Cesium iodide (CsI, 99.99%) and tin oxide (SnO₂, 15% in H₂O) colloidal solutions were obtained from Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, MA, USA). 2-methoxyethanol (2-ME, 99%), acetone (99%), ethanolamine (99%), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, 99.8%), isopropanol (IPA, 99.5%), and dimethylformamide (DMF, 99.5%) were purchased from Samchun Chemical (Seoul, Republic of Korea). Phenyl-C₆₁-butyric acid methyl ester (PC₆₁BM, 99.5%) was bought from Organic Semiconductor Materials. Chlorobenzene (CB, 99% GR grade) was acquired from Wako Chemicals. All the received chemicals were used in the fabrication of PSCs without any further purification.

The perovskite precursor solution was prepared by dissolving lead bromide (PbBr₂) (99.999%, Sigma-Aldrich), cesium bromide (CsBr) (99.9%, Alfa Aesar), germanium dibromide (GeBr₂) (97%, Sigma-Aldrich), 24 mg 2-phenylethylammonium bromide (PEABr) (>99.5%, Xi’an polymer Light), and 5 mg 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane (99%, Sigma-Aldrich) in 1 mL dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) (Sigma-Aldrich) in an argon-filled glovebox. The solution was stirred overnight at room temperature. Perovskite films were obtained by spin-coating precursor solution onto the pre-cleaned fused silica substrates at 5000 rpm for 120 s in an argon-filled glovebox. Ethyl acetate (200 μL) was drop-casted onto the spinning substrate 20 s after the start of the spin-coating process. The resultant film was annealed at 70 °C for 10 min.

Indium-doped tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass slides (2 cm × 2 cm) with a sheet resistivity of 10 Ω/□ were obtained from AMG, Korea. The zinc acetate dihydrate (Zn(CH₃CO)₂∙2H₂O, 99.99%), lead bromide (PbBr₂, 99.99%), and 4-tert-butylpyridine (tBP) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Formamidinium bromide (FABr, 99.99%) was obtained from Greatcell Solar Materials Pvt Ltd. Lead iodide (PbI₂, 99.99%) was acquired from TCI chemicals. Gold pellets (Au, 99.99%) and Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) were bought from Rieke Metals Inc. (Lincoln, NE, USA). Cesium iodide (CsI, 99.99%) and tin oxide (SnO₂, 15% in H₂O) colloidal solutions were obtained from Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, MA, USA). 2-methoxyethanol (2-ME, 99%), acetone (99%), ethanolamine (99%), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, 99.8%), isopropanol (IPA, 99.5%), and dimethylformamide (DMF, 99.5%) were purchased from Samchun Chemical (Seoul, Republic of Korea). Phenyl-C₆₁-butyric acid methyl ester (PC₆₁BM, 99.5%) was bought from Organic Semiconductor Materials. Chlorobenzene (CB, 99% GR grade) was acquired from Wako Chemicals. All the received chemicals were used in the fabrication of PSCs without any further purification.

The starting materials of red mercuric iodide (HgI_2, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, 99%), selenourea (CH₄N₂Se, Sigma-Aldrich, 98%), lead iodide (PbI₂, Sigma-Aldrich, 98%), lead bromide (PbBr₂, Sigma-Aldrich, 98%), cesium iodide (CsI, Sigma-Aldrich, 99%), oleylamine (OA, C₁₈H₃₇N, Sigma-Aldrich, 98%), N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF, Sigma-Aldrich, 99.8%, AR), and hexyl hydride (CH₃(CH₂)₄CH₃, Sigma-Aldrich, 98%, AR) were used. All of the chemicals were used as received, without further purification.

1-Naphtylmethylamine (97%, Sigma-Aldrich),
lead bromide PbBr₂ (TCI), lead chloride PbCl₂ (99.999% Sigma-Aldrich), europium(III) chloride EuCl₃ (99.99% Sigma-Aldrich), EuCl₃·6H₂O (99.9%
Sigma-Aldrich), DMF (anhydrous, Sigma-Aldrich), hydrobromic acid HBr
(48% in water, Sigma-Aldrich), 4,4,4,-trifluoro-1-(2-thienyl)-1,3-butadione
(Htta, thenoyltrifluoroacetone) (99%, Sigma-Aldrich), tetraphenylphosphonium
chloride P(Ph)₄Cl (98%, Sigma-Aldrich), sodium hydroxide
NaOH (Sigma-Aldrich), tetrahydrofuran THF (99.9%, Sigma-Aldrich),
and dichloromethane DCM (anhydrous, Sigma-Aldrich).