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Butoxamine

Manufactured by Merck Group
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Butoxamine is a laboratory reagent used as a selective β2-adrenergic receptor antagonist. It functions by binding to and inhibiting the activity of the β2-adrenergic receptor, which is involved in various physiological processes. Butoxamine is commonly utilized in scientific research and pharmacological studies.

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Lab products found in correlation

Atenolol, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Phentolamine, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Propranolol, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Diclofenac, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions) Nifedipine, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Adenosine, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Tamsulosin hydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Mirabegron, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions) Sildenafil, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions) Vardenafil, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions) Isoproterenol, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Y 27632 dihydrochloride, by R&D Systems (1 mentions) Rolipram, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions) Celecoxib, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions) Sterile cell culture grade dmso, by Merck Group (1 mentions) L arginine, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions) L arginine, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Salbutamol, by Merck Group (1 mentions) α7nachr, by Jackson ImmunoResearch (1 mentions) Rag1 mice b6.129s7 rag1tm1mom j, by Jackson ImmunoResearch (1 mentions)

10 protocols using butoxamine

1

Preparation of Compound Stock Solutions

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100 mM stock solutions of all screened compounds were prepared in individual, sterile amber vials. All stock solutions were dissolved in sterile DMSO, except L-arginine, which was solubilized using dH2O, due to solubility constraints. Sterile cell-culture grade DMSO, tamsulosin hydrochloride, nifedipine, isoproterenol, butoxamine, adenosine and L-arginine were obtained from Sigma Aldrich. PGE1, PGE2, rolipram, L-arginine, ondansetron, celecoxib, diclofenac, mirabegron, sildenafil, atropine, vardenafil and tiotropium were obtained from Cayman Chemical. Y-27632 dihydrochloride was obtained from R&D Systems. Stock solutions when unused were stored at −20 °C
Lee C.X., Cheah J.H., Soule C.K., Ding H., Whittaker C.A., Karhohs K., Burds A.A., Subramanyam K.S., Carpenter A.E., Eisner B.H, & Cima M.J. (2019). Identification and local delivery of vasodilators for the reduction of ureteral contractions. Nature biomedical engineering, 4(1), 28-39.
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2

Pharmacological Modulation of α7nAChR in Mice

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Male mice (8–12 weeks of age, 20–25 g) were used for all experiments. Wild-type C57Bl/6 mice were purchased from the National Cancer Institute (Frederick, MD), α7nAChR−/− mice (B6.129S7-Chrna7tm1Bay/J) were obtained from Jackson Laboratories (Bar Harbor, ME), and WT (α7nAChR+/+) progeny were used as controls in Figures 1 and 2. Rag1−/− mice (B6.129S7-Rag1tm1Mom/J) were obtained from Jackson Laboratories. Butoxamine (β2-adrenergic receptor antagonist), salbutamol (β2-adrenergic receptor agonist), nicotine (nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist), and LPS (from Escherichia coli O111:B4) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO).
Inoue T., Abe C., Kohro T., Tanaka S., Huang L., Yao J., Zheng S., Ye H., Inagi R., Stornetta R.L., Rosin D.L., Nangaku M., Wada Y, & Okusa M.D. (2019). Non-canonical cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway-mediated activation of peritoneal macrophages induces Hes1 and blocks ischemia/reperfusion injury in the kidney. Kidney international, 95(3), 563-576.
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3

Pharmacological Effects of Adrenergic Agents

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Dobutamine (selective β-adrenergic receptor agonist; cardiotonic agent), terbutaline (selective β2-adrenergic receptor agonist; used as a fast-acting bronchodilator or short-term asthma treatment), metoprolol (selective β1-adrenergic receptor antagonist; treat high-blood pressure, chest pain due to poor blood flow to the heart) and butoxamine (selective β2-adrenergic receptor antagonist; not clinically) were purchased from Sigma Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Pertussis toxin (PTX; a protein-based AB5-type exotoxin) was purchased from Tocris Co. (Minneapolis, MN, USA). Hexamethonium (non-depolarising ganglionic blocker) was purchased from Santa Cruz (Ave. Delaware, CA, USA). Dobutamine, terbutaline, metoprolol, butoxamine, hexamethonium and PTX were dissolved in saline. All drugs were prepared just before use. A blood glucose meter, a lancing device and strips were purchased from Roche Diagnostics (Sandhofer Strasse, Mannheim, Germany). The mouse insulin ELISA kit was purchased from Shibayagi Co. (Shibukawa, Japan).
Sim Y.B., Park S.H., Kim S.S., Lim S.M., Jung J.S., Sharma N, & Suh H.W. (2017). Spinal β-adrenergic receptors’ activation increases the blood glucose level in mice. Animal Cells and Systems, 21(4), 278-285.
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4

Intrathecal and Intraperitoneal Drug Administrations

Cited 1 time
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PDTC, Phentolamine, Propranolol, atenolol, SR5923A, butoxamine and NE were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and freshly prepared in 0.9% saline. PDTC was injected intrathecally for consecutive 7 days with one injection per day and other drugs were injected intraperitoneally; the routes of drug administration and doses used in this study are based on prior reports45 (link),49 (link).
Qu R., Yao F., Zhang X., Gao Y., Liu T, & Hua Y. (2019). SMN deficiency causes pain hypersensitivity in a mild SMA mouse model through enhancing excitability of nociceptive dorsal root ganglion neurons. Scientific Reports, 9, 6493.
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5

Molecular Expression and Behavioral Effects of Neuroactive Compounds

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O-(Carboxymethyl) hydroxylamine hemihydrochloride (AOAA, an inhibitor of CBS), propranolol (Prop, an antagonist of β adrenergic receptor), phentolamine (Phen, an antagonist of α adrenergic receptor), atenolol, SR 59230 A and butoxamine, norepinephrine (NE) and capsaicin (CAP) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and were freshly prepared in 0.9% normal saline. AOAA or NE was intraperitoneally injected once daily for consecutive 7 days for molecular expression experiments and for behavioral test.
Zhu L., Zhao L., Qu R., Zhu H.Y., Wang Y., Jiang X, & Xu G.Y. (2015). Adrenergic stimulation sensitizes TRPV1 through upregulation of cystathionine β-synthetase in a rat model of visceral hypersensitivity. Scientific Reports, 5, 16109.
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6

Noradrenaline and Butoxamine Effects on Human Hair Follicles

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Noradrenaline (Sigma-Aldrich, 489350) stock solution was prepared freshly by dissolving in a sterile aqueous solution containing 0.1% ascorbic acid and 0.9% NaCl to a final concentration of 10 mM. Butoxamine (Sigma-Aldrich, B1385) was dissolved in ultrapure water to a final concentration of 10 mM as a stock solution. Isolated human hair follicles were incubated with William’s E medium containing 0.1 mM Noradrenaline or 0.1 mM Butoxamine.
Rachmin I., Lee J.H., Zhang B., Sefton J., Jung I., Lee Y.I., Hsu Y.C, & Fisher D.E. (2021). Stress-associated ectopic differentiation of melanocyte stem cells and ORS amelanotic melanocytes in an ex vivo human hair follicle model. Experimental dermatology, 30(4), 578-587.
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7

Antagonizing β₂-ADR in VEGF-secreting cells

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Mycoplasma free keratinocyte derived VEGF secreting A-431 cells14 (link) (Cat#CRL-1555, ATCC, MD, USA)
was authenticated using short tandem repeat profiling and cultured in
Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (Cat#30–2002, ATCC)
supplemented with 10% FBS (Cat#30–2020, ATCC). The cells were then serum
and growth factor starved for 12 h and treated with selective β₂
ADR antagonists butoxamine (Cat#B1385, Sigma) or ICI-118,551 (ICI) (Cat#0821,
Tocris, MN, USA). Forskolin was procured from Sigma, MO, USA.
Lu K., Bhat M., Peters S., Mitra R., Oberyszyn T, & Basu S. (2021). Suppression of beta 2 adrenergic receptor actions prevent UVB mediated cutaneous squamous cell tumorigenesis through inhibition of VEGF-A induced angiogenesis. Molecular carcinogenesis, 60(3), 172-178.
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8

Norepinephrine Modulates Pancreatic Cancer Cell Proliferation

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The IncuCyte S3 live-cell analysis system (Sartorius, Göttingen, Germany) was used for kinetic monitoring of cell proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells. PK4A-Luc and R211-Luc cells were seeded at 104/well in 24-well plates in the presence of increasing concentrations of norepinephrine (cat. #A9512; Sigma-Aldrich) (10−6–10−8 M) with or without the adrenergic receptor inhibitors atenolol (10−6  M; cat. # A7655; Sigma-Aldrich) or butoxamine (10−6  M; cat. # B1385; Sigma-Aldrich). Phase-contrast images were acquired every hour for 96 h and cell proliferation was monitored by analyzing the occupied area (% confluence) of cell images over time.
Guillot J., Dominici C., Lucchesi A., Nguyen H.T., Puget A., Hocine M., Rangel-Sosa M.M., Simic M., Nigri J., Guillaumond F., Bigonnet M., Dusetti N., Perrot J., Lopez J., Etzerodt A., Lawrence T., Pudlo P., Hubert F., Scoazec J.Y., van de Pavert S.A., Tomasini R., Chauvet S, & Mann F. (2022). Sympathetic axonal sprouting induces changes in macrophage populations and protects against pancreatic cancer. Nature Communications, 13, 1985.
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9

Macrophage Cytokine Response to Norepinephrine

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Islet macrophages were cultured immediately following isolation at 5000 cells per well in 24-well plates. Cells were cultured in presence of norepinephrine (1 × 10−6 or 1 × 10−8 M; Sigma-Aldrich) for 4 hours before being harvested for further analysis of cytokines or mRNA (Norgen Biotek RNA isolation kit). Antagonists prazosin (Sigma-Aldrich) and butoxamine (Sigma-Aldrich) were added at concentration of 1 × 10−8 M.
Christoffersson G., Ratliff S.S, & von Herrath M.G. (2020). Interference with pancreatic sympathetic signaling halts the onset of diabetes in mice. Science Advances, 6(35), eabb2878.
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10

Investigating β2 Adrenergic Receptor Function

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For the purpose of investigating β2 adrenergic receptor function, the antagonist butoxamine or the agonist clenbuterol (Sigma-Aldrich) were administered via i.p. injection (5 mg/kg). For acute treatments, injections were performed 2 h prior to imaging. For chronic treatments, injections were performed for 5 consecutive days and imaging was performed 24 h after the last injection.
de Juan A., Ince L.M., Pick R., Chen C.S., Molica F., Zuchtriegel G., Wang C., Zhang D., Druzd D., Hessenauer M.E., Pelli G., Kolbe I., Oster H., Prophete C., Hergenhan S.M., Albrecht U., Ripperger J., Montanez E., Reichel C.A., Soehnlein O., Kwak B.R., Frenette P.S, & Scheiermann C. (2019). Artery-associated sympathetic innervation drives rhythmic vascular inflammation of arteries and veins. Circulation, 140(13), 1100-1114.
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