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6 protocols using n cadherin sc 7939

1

Protein Expression Analysis Protocol

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TNF-α was purchased from PeproTech (Rocky Hill, NJ, USA). Primary antibodies specific for α-tubulin (T5168) and vimentin (V6630) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Primary antibodies specific for VCAM-1 (ab134047), MGMT (ab108630), and β-catenin (ab16051) were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Primary antibodies specific for AKT1/2/3 (sc-8312), p-AKT1/2/3 (Ser473, sc-7985-R), connexins 43 (sc-271837), eIF2α (sc-133132), and N-cadherin (sc-7939) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Primary antibodies specific for EGFR (4267), p-Cx43 (Ser368, 3511), and p-mTOR (Ser2448, 2971) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). Primary antibodies specific for p-GSK3β (Tyr216, 44604G) was purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA).
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2

Mesensphere Protein Quantification and Cadherin Analysis

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Mesenspheres were lysed using CelLytic™ M cell lysis reagent (Sigma) for 15 min at room temperature and then centrifuged (12,000 g) for 15 min to pellet cell debris. Supernatant was transferred to chilled microcentrifuge tubes and stored at −20 °C. A Coomassie Plus protein assay (Thermo Scientific) was performed to quantify total protein. 50 μg of protein was diluted with 20% 5X loading buffer (1.25 mL 0.5 M Tris-HCl, pH 6.8, 1 g SDS (Fisher), 5 mL glycerol (VWR), 5 mg Bromophenol Blue (Sigma), 1.25 mL βME (Sigma), deionised water) and heated to 95 °C for 5 min. Cell lysates were run on 12 % Mini-PROTEAN®TGX™ gels (Bio-Rad) with 5 μL SeeBlue® Plus2 Prestain (Invitrogen), blotted, and proteins were probed with 1:1000 N-cadherin (sc-7939, Santa Cruz) or 1:1000 OB-cadherin (ab151302, Abcam) primary antibody, and a horseradish peroxide (HRP) conjugated secondary antibody (1:1000) (Santa Cruz) and then detected by chemiluminescent (ECL) substrate. Knockdown of cadherins was quantified using Image Studio Lite software from LI-COR Biosciences.
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3

Western Blot Analysis of EMT Markers

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Cells were lysed on ice in RIPA (radio-immunoprecipitation assay) buffer with 1 mM PMSF (phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride). From the cell lysate, 40 μg of total protein was loaded into the wells of the SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel elec trophoresis) gel, along with a molecular weight marker. Electrophoresis was carried out for 1–2 h at 100 V, followed by transfer to PVDF (polyvinyl difluoride) membranes, which were then blocked with 5% BSA (bovine serum albumin). The membranes were then incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibodies (E-cadherin sc-8426, N-cadherin sc-7939, vimentin sc-6260, Santa Cruz; fibulin-4 ab125073, Snail ab167609, Slug ab27568, Twist ab50887, PI3K ab86714, p-PI3K ab182651, AKT ab8805, P-AKT 38449, mTOR ab32028, p-mTOR ab109268; Abcam) at working dilutions of 1:1000. After washing the membranes thrice with TBST for 5 min each, the membranes were incubated with conjugated secondary antibody diluted to 1:1000, at room temperature for 1 h. Blots were developed using the enhanced chemiluminescence method (Pierce™ ECL Western Blotting Substrate; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.).
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4

Western Blot Analysis of EMT Markers

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Using radioimmunoprecipitation assay buffer supplemented with 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, cells were lysed on ice. Protein samples (40 μg/lane) were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, transferred to polyvinyl difluoride membranes and blocked with 5% bovine serum albumin. These membranes were then cultured with primary antibodies (E-cadherin sc-8426, N-cadherin sc-7939, vimentin sc-6260, Santa Cruz; HMGB1 ab18256, Snail ab167609, Twist ab50887, Abcam) with working dilutions 1:1,000 at 4°C overnight. The next day, these membranes were incubated with secondary antibody with working dilutions 1:2,000 at room temperature for 1 h, and blots were developed using the enhanced chemiluminescence method (Pierce™ ECL Western Blotting Substrate; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.).
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5

Western Blot Analysis of EMT Markers

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Cells were lysed on ice in RIPA (radio-immunoprecipitation assay) buffer containing 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF). Samples (40-μg protein per lane) were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), transferred to polyvinyl difluoride (PVDF) membranes, and blocked with 5% bovine serum albumin (BSA). Membranes were then incubated with primary antibodies (E-cadherin sc-8426, N-cadherin sc-7939, Vimentin sc-6260, Santa Cruz; fibulin-4 ab125073, Snail ab167609, Slug ab27568, Twist ab50887, β-catenin ab32572, C-myc ab32072, Cyclin D1 ab134175, Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD) ab83232, HES 1 ab71559, HEY L ab154077, Abcam) at working dilutions of 1:1000 at 4°C overnight. On the next day, membranes were incubated with secondary antibody for 1 hour at room temperature, and blots were developed using the enhanced chemiluminescence method (Pierce™ ECL Western Blotting Substrate; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.).
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6

PBrP Modulation of TGF-β Signaling

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To examine the effect of PBrP on TGF-β-induced Smad2/3 phosphorylation, Mv1Lu and A549 cells were incubated with PBrP at various concentrations or for various periods and then stimulated with 100 pM of TGF-β for 30 min. To monitor EMT protein expression, the cells were pretreated with different PBrP concentrations for 2 h and then stimulated with TGF-β for 48 h. The cells were lysed with a lysis buffer and standardised using a bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assay (Pierce™ BCA Protein Assay Kit 23225). Fifty microgram of this protein was applied to SDS-PAGE and electrotransferred to the polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane. Polyclonal antibodies against TβRI (sc-398), TβRII (sc-400), EGFR (sc-373746), β-actin (sc-47778), flotilin-1 (sc-25506), fibronectin (sc-9068), N-cadherin (sc-7939), Lamin B (sc-6216) and vimentin (sc-7557) were obtained from Santa Cruz (Dallas, TX). Rabbit Polyclonal antibodies against pSmad2/3 (#8828), Smad2/3 (#8685), PAI-1 (#11907), Flag tag (#8146), Lamp-1 (sc-9091) and MyoVa (#3402) were purchased from Cell Signalling (Boston, MA). Secondary antibodies conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany) and an enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) kit (Perkin-Elmer Life Sciences, Waltham, MA, USA) were used to develop immunoblots.
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