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4 protocols using anti γ h2ax s139

1

Immunofluorescence Assay for DNA Damage

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Cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde solution for 15 minutes, permeabilized with 0.5% Triton X-100 for 15 minutes, blocked with 1% BSA for 30 minutes, and then with Anti-γ H2AX (S139) (Millipore, 1:500 diluted in 1% In BSA) for 1 hour at 37 °C. After washing 3 times with PBS, the cells were incubated with the secondary antibody for 1 hour at 37 °C and stained with DAPI to reveal the nucleus. Capture and visualize fluorescence images under a high-content imaging system (Operetta, Perkin Elmer).
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2

DNA Damage Response Tracking in HeLa Cells

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HeLa cells, grown on glass coverslips, were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with 0.5% triton. Samples were blocked 10 min in 1%BSA at RT and incubated 1 h with anti-BrdU (1:200, 347580, BD Biosciences) or anti-γH2Ax S139 (1:600, 05-636, Millipore) 37°C. After washing, samples were incubated 45 min at 37°C with AlexaFluor 594-conjugated chicken anti-rabbit and 488-conjugated rabbit anti-mouse or 555-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (H+L) (Life Technologies), and analyzed with a Zeiss LSM100 confocal microscope.
UVC micro-irradiation was performed as described by Suzuki et al. (23 (link)), then the following antibodies were used for protein detection HNRNPD (1:200, 07-260, Millipore), γH2Ax S139 (1:600, 05-636, Millipore).
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3

Immunofluorescent Visualization of DNA Damage Markers

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Cells grown on coverslips were fixed in 1% paraformaldehyde in methanol on ice for 10 minutes. Fixed cells were immunofluorescently labeled with the following primary and secondary antibodies:anti-53BP1 (rabbit polyclonal, 1:200) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology: sc-22760), anti-γH2AX-S139 (mouse monoclonal, 1:200) (EMD Millipore: 05-636), goat anti-mouse IgG (H+L) Alexa Fluor 594, and goat anti-rabbitIgG (H+L) Alexa Fluor 488. The nuclei were counterstained with DAPI. Cells were imaged on a Zeiss AxioImager. Z2 equipped with Hamamatsu CCD camera, and images were captured using Zen2012 software. Image analyses were performed using ImageJ (https://imagej.nih.gov/).
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4

Western Blot Analysis of DNA Damage Signaling

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Cell lysates were prepared by sonicating in UTB buffer (8 M urea, 50 mM Tris HCl [pH 7.4], 150 mM β-mercaptoethanol). Following protein concentration determination using the Bradford reagent (Bio-Rad), lysates were suspended in 2× Laemmli sample buffer (Bio-Rad) and heated to 95°C for 10 min. Lysates were then subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) using standard procedures.
The following primary antibodies were used for Western blotting: anti-K8α/K-bZIP (SAB5300152; Sigma-Aldrich), anti-ORF6/SSB (provided by Gary Hayward), anti-K8.1A (in-house), anti-β-actin (A2228; Sigma-Aldrich), anti-ATM (2873; Cell Signaling), anti-phospho-ATM (S1981) (AF1655; R&D Systems), anti-CHK2 (2662; Cell Signaling), anti-phospho-CHK2 (T68) (2661; Cell Signaling), anti-RPA32 (NA19L; Calbiochem), anti-phospho-RPA32 (S4/S8) (A300-245A; Bethyl), anti-H2AX (7631; Cell Signaling), anti-γH2AX (S139) (05-636; Merck Millipore), anti-MRE11 (GTX70212; Genetex), anti-NBS1 (GTX70222; Genetex), anti-RAD50 and anti-KU80 (sc-6954; Santa Cruz), and anti-KU70 (ab83501; Abcam). Goat anti-mouse and swine anti-rabbit horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibodies (Dako Laboratories) and ECL detection reagent (GE Healthcare) were used to visualize proteins on a Fusion SL chemiluminescence imaging system (Vilber Lourmat).
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