The gas products were detected by online gas chromatography (GC2060, Ramiin, Shanghai) equipped with flame ionization (FID) and thermal conductivity (TCD) detectors. A standard gas mixture (containing 1 vol% each of H2, CO, CH4, C2H4, C2H6, and 95 vol% CO2) was used to calibrate the gas products. The Faradaic efficiency (FE) of each gas product under different current densities was gained based on more than three parallel experiments. After the reaction, the catholyte was collected for liquid product analyses by a Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer (NMR, Bruker, AVANCE-III 600 Hz). Typically, 2 mL catholyte was mixed with 100 μL 5 mM DMSO (as an internal standard substance). And then 250 μL mixture was mixed with 350 μL D2O for the NMR measurement. The FEs of the products were calculated by the following equation: where Qproduct and Qtotal present the charge consumption of the target product and CO2RR process, respectively, n presents the electron transfer number of the target product, N presents the amount of substance for the product and can be calculated from the product concentration, and F presents the faradaic content (96,485 C mol−1).
Avance 3 600 hz
Manufactured by Bruker
Sourced in United States
The AVANCE-III 600 Hz is a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer developed by Bruker. It operates at a frequency of 600 Hz and is designed for high-resolution NMR analysis. The core function of the AVANCE-III 600 Hz is to provide precise and accurate measurements of chemical structures and molecular properties through the application of radiofrequency pulses and the detection of the resulting NMR signals.
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Lab products found in correlation
Avance 3 400 hz, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Reactir 45m, by Mettler Toledo (1 mentions)
Supra 55 scanning electron microscope, by Zeiss (1 mentions)
Frontier nicolet in10 infrared spectrometer, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Thermo scientific escalab 250xi, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Dcat11 tensiometer, by Dataphysics (1 mentions)
D8 advance, by Bruker (1 mentions)
3 protocols using avance 3 600 hz
1
Quantifying CO2 Reduction Reaction Products
2
Characterization of Polymer Samples
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Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR and 13C{1H} NMR) measurements were recorded on a Bruker AVANCE III-400 Hz instrument in CDCl3 at room temperature. DOSY measurements were recorded on a Bruker AVANCE III-600 Hz instrument in CDCl3 at room temperature. SEC measurements were performed at 35 °C with THF as an eluent at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min−1, with a Viscotek GPCmax VE2001 System, and PSS columns (Styragel HR 3, 4, and 5). The molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn, Ð) were determined by conventional SEC analysis using a calibration curve from polystyrene standards. MALDI-ToF mass measurements were recorded in linear mode, using 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid as the matrix in THF (sample/matrix: 1/50). In situ FTIR study was conducted using a ReactIR 45m (Mettler Toledo). The samples were collected every 1 min, and each spectrum was scanned 256 times. DSC measurements were performed at a heating rate of 10 °C min−1 on a Mettler Toledo DSC1/TC100 system under a nitrogen atmosphere. The curve of the second heating scan was adopted to determine the Tg. NMR titration experiments were performed in Young’s NMR tubes using anhydrous toluene-d8 solvent under argon.
3
Comprehensive Material Characterization Protocol
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Frontier Nicolet iN10 infrared spectrometer (Thermo Fisher, USA) with an attenuated total reflection (ATR) accessory in the wave number range from 4000 to 400 cm -1 was used to identify the functional groups of materials. D8 Advance (Bruker, USA) was used to record the X-ray diffractometer (XRD) patterns. Shape and morphology of UiO-66-NMe 3 + MMM membrane was investigated by SUPRA 55 scanning electron microscope (SEM, ZEISS, Germany). Surface chemical composition of the materials was study by Thermo SCIENTIFIC ESCALAB 250Xi (Thermo Fisher, USA) X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Bruker AVANCE III 600 Hz (Bruker, USA) was used to prove successful functionalization of materials by record nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). CMT6500 tensiometer (XinSanxi, China) was employed to measure the mechanical strength of UiO-66-NMe 3 + MMM at room temperature with humidity of 65 %. Pore size of the membrane was estimated via capillary flow porometer (Porometer 3G, USA) with bubble point measurement. The hydrophilicity of MOFs was tested by DCAT11 tensiometer (Dataphysics, Germany) for the water contact angle. N 2 adsorption-desorption experiment was carried out on a 3H-2000PS1 Instrument (BeiShiDe, China) for Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis to determine the specific surface area and pore size.
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