Mouse macrophage raw 264

Simvastatin was purchased from Zhejiang Ruibang Laboratories (Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China) Hydroxyapatite microparticles (HA, DNA grade Bio-Gel HTP gel) were purchased from Bio-Rad (Hercules, CA, USA). Mouse macrophage Raw 264.7, osteoblast MC3T3-L1 cells, and Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) were originally purchased from ATCC (Manassas, VA, USA). Minimum Essential Media (alpha-MEM) and trypsin-EDTA were purchased from Gibco (Grand Island, NY, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was obtained from Gemini BenchMark (West Sacramento, CA). Silver nitrate was purchased from RICCA Chemical Company (Arlington, TX). Sodium thiosulfate was purchased from Alfa Aesar (Haverhill, MA). All other reagents and solvents, if not specified, were obtained from either Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA, USA) or Acros Organics (Morris Plains, NJ, USA).

Pluronic F127, pyrophosphate and 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide (MTT) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA). Simvastatin (SIM) was purchased from Zhejiang Ruibang Laboratories (Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China). Dense ceramic hydroxyapatite (HA) discs (0.5” diameter × 0.08” thick) were obtained from Clarkson Chromatography Products, Inc. (South Williamsport, PA, USA). Mouse macrophage Raw 264.7 and osteoblast MC3T3-L1 cells were originally purchased from ATCC (Manassas, VA, USA). Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), Minimum Essential Medium (MEM alpha), trypsin-EDTA and penicillin-streptomycin were purchased from Gibco (Grand Island, NY, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was purchased from Gemini BenchMark (West Sacramento, CA, USA). All other solvents and reagents, if not specified, were acquired from either Acros Organics (Morris Plains, NJ, USA) or Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA, USA).