Doxorubicin HCl (DOX) was obtained from Cell Pharm (Germany). Tween-60 and Tween-80 were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Distearoyl phosphoethanolamine, polyethylene glycol (Lipoid PE 18: 0/18: 0 – PEG2000, DSPEmPEG 2000), 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) and SPC80 (soybean phospholipids with 75% phosphatidylcholine were obtained from Lipoid GmbH (Ludwigshafen, Germany). Cholesterol and sodium alginate were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). PBS (Phosphate-buffered saline) tablets, dialysis bag (MW 12–14 kDa), DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), HEPES buffer, MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) and paraformaldehyde solution were procured from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). DAPI (40,6-diamidino- 2-phenylindole) was supplied from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Massachusetts, USA). All other chemicals, solvents, and salts were of the analytical grade and used without further purification unless specified.
Tween 60
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, France, United Kingdom, Switzerland
Tween 60 is a non-ionic surfactant used in various laboratory applications. It is a polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate compound.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Span 60, by Merck Group (23 mentions)
Tween 80, by Merck Group (19 mentions)
Tween 40, by Merck Group (9 mentions)
Tween 20, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Cholesterol, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Span 80, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Span 40, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Cholesterol chol, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (4 mentions)
Ethanol, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Acetic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Stearic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Sodium acetate, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Span 20, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Ethyl acetate, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Oleic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
68 protocols using tween 60
1
Formulation and Characterization of Doxorubicin Liposomes
2
Optimized Topical Formulations for Tuberculosis
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Combinations of CFZ, INH, PZY, and RIF were utilized as model drugs. CFZ, INH, and RIF were kind gifts from Prof Wilna Liebenberg, head of the Solid-State Pharmaceutical Innovation and Nanotechnology (SPIN) research group at the North-West University (Potchefstroom, South Africa). PZY, Transcutol®, Span®83, and Tween®60 were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). AVO, beeswax, EPO, linseed oil, OLV, PALM, SAFF, and shea butter were bought from Nautica Organics Trading (Durban, South Africa). PEG was obtained from DB Fine Chemicals (Sandton, South Africa). Distilled water was acquired through a Rephile Bioscience Ltd. system (Boston, MA, USA).
3
Pitavastatin Formulation and Characterization
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Pitavastatin was obtained as a gift sample from CCL Laboratories Pvt., Ltd., Lahore, Pakistan. PEG 200, PEG 400, PEG 600, cinnamon oil, olive oil, ginger oil, sesame oil, virgin coconut oil, and castor oil were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich Gmbh, Darmstadt, Germany. Methanol, acetonitrile, Tween 20, Tween 40, Tween 60, and Tween 80 were acquired from Merck, Darmstadt, Germany. Triton X-100 was obtained from Daejung Chemicals, Korea. Sodium hydroxide, glacial acetic acid, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate were obtained from Daejung Chemicals, Korea. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 4-bromophenylboronic acid were purchased from Merck, Darmstadt, Germany.
4
Microemulsion Formulation for Antifungal Compounds
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Clotrimazole and itraconazole (as a mixture of stereoisomers) standards were purchased from Merck, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Microemulsions were prepared using Tween® 60, propylene glycol, and benzyl alcohol, all purchased from Merck, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. HPLC-grade acetonitrile was acquired from J.T. Baker Inc., Phillipsburg, NJ, USA. Clotrimazole (Jintan Zhongxing Pharmaceutical Chemical Co., Ltd., Mainland, China) and itraconazole (Metrochem API, Telangana, India) were donated by Valdequimica Produtos Quimicos Ltd., São Paulo, Brazil. All solutions were prepared with ultra-pure Milli-Q water obtained from a Milli-Q Water Millipore purification system (Burlington, MA, USA).
5
Antioxidant Activity Evaluation Protocol
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Ferulic and caffeic acids, acetic acid, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and Trizma Base were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy). The chemicals were purchased from BLD Pharmatech GmbH (Kaiserslautern, Germany) or Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy). DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid) were obtained from Merck Life Science (Milan, Italy). Methanol, acetonitrile (CH3CN), ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and water were of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade from Carlo Erba Reagents S.A.S. (CEDEX, France). Male Wistar rats were purchased from Charles River laboratories (Calco, Italy). Tristearin, stearic acid and Tween 60 were supplied by Merck (Damstad, Germany). All other reagents and solvents were of analytical grade (Sigma-Aldrich). Media, sera, reagents, and vessels for cell culture were obtained from Microtech (Naples, Italy) and Thermo Fisher Scientific (Milan, Italy).
6
Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Fabrication
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NLC were produced by hot homogenization and ultrasonication (adapted from Seabra et al.) [19 (link)]. NLC were composed of a solid lipid (Precirol®ATO5; Gattefossé, Saint-Priest, France), a liquid lipid (Miglyol®812; Acofarma, Madrid, Spain) and one of the following surfactants: (i) Tween®60 (NLC60); (ii) Tween®80 (NLC80); and (iii) different ratios of the surfactants Tween®60 and Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide—CTAB (NLC CTAB) in concentrations detailed in Table 1 . Tween®60 and Tween®80 were obtained from Merck, Germany and CTAB from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA.
All the components were weighted and melted together at 65 °C. Then, Type I water (ultrapure water with resistivity > 18 MΩ-cm and a conductivity < 0.056 µS/cm, Milli-Q®, Millipore, Burlington, MA, USA), at the same temperature, was added to the blended components. Afterward, the mixture was sonicated (Vibra-Cell model VCX 130, Sonics and Materials Inc., Newtown, CT, USA) with a ∅ 6 mm tip. To obtain NLC with different sizes, the sonication time was varied from 5 min up to 20 min and the amplitude from 40% up to 90% (the tested conditions are described inTable S1 ).
All the components were weighted and melted together at 65 °C. Then, Type I water (ultrapure water with resistivity > 18 MΩ-cm and a conductivity < 0.056 µS/cm, Milli-Q®, Millipore, Burlington, MA, USA), at the same temperature, was added to the blended components. Afterward, the mixture was sonicated (Vibra-Cell model VCX 130, Sonics and Materials Inc., Newtown, CT, USA) with a ∅ 6 mm tip. To obtain NLC with different sizes, the sonication time was varied from 5 min up to 20 min and the amplitude from 40% up to 90% (the tested conditions are described in
7
Multifunctional Nanoparticle Synthesis
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5-Fu, potassium permanganate
(KMnO4), phosphoric acid (H3PO4), N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
(DCC), graphite powder, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), potassium
ferrocyanide(II) trihydrate (K4[Fe(CN)6]·3H2O), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and formaldehyde (CH2O) solution were obtained from Sigma (St Louis, USA). Ferrous chloride
(FeCl2·4H2O), ferric chloride (FeCl3·6H2O), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide
(EDC), LMWC, PCL, dimethylformamide (DMF), N-hydroxysuccinimide
(NHS), ammonia solution (25 vol %), dichloromethane, hydrogen peroxide
(H2O2), Span60, and Tween60 were obtained from
Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI)
1640 culture medium, fetal bovine serum, and trypsin–ethylenediamine
tetraacetic acid were provided from Biowest (Spain). The CT-26 (mouse
colon cancer) cell line was purchased from the Pasteur Institute of
Iran.
(KMnO4), phosphoric acid (H3PO4), N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
(DCC), graphite powder, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), potassium
ferrocyanide(II) trihydrate (K4[Fe(CN)6]·3H2O), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and formaldehyde (CH2O) solution were obtained from Sigma (St Louis, USA). Ferrous chloride
(FeCl2·4H2O), ferric chloride (FeCl3·6H2O), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide
(EDC), LMWC, PCL, dimethylformamide (DMF), N-hydroxysuccinimide
(NHS), ammonia solution (25 vol %), dichloromethane, hydrogen peroxide
(H2O2), Span60, and Tween60 were obtained from
Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI)
1640 culture medium, fetal bovine serum, and trypsin–ethylenediamine
tetraacetic acid were provided from Biowest (Spain). The CT-26 (mouse
colon cancer) cell line was purchased from the Pasteur Institute of
Iran.
8
Synthesis of Inorganic Pigments
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The materials used in this study were freshly prepared inorganic pigments/dyes such as Fe(CNS)3 (red), Fe2Fe(CN)6 (blue), CdS (yellow), and CuS (black). Surfactant Tween-60 96% purity from Merck (Fig. 1 ), cyclohexane 98% purity from Merck, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) 98% from Sigma-Aldrich, ethanol 98% purity from Merck, double distilled water, Fe(NO3)3 96% purity from Acros Chem., KSCN 98% purity from Merck, K4[Fe(CN)6] 98% purity from Merck, FeSO4 98% purity, HCl 36% pro analyses from Merck, CaCl2 98% from Acros Chem., CuSO4 98% from Merck, FeS 98% from Merck. All pigments were synthesized freshly in the laboratory using known procedures.
9
Thymol-based Antimicrobial Assay Protocol
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Thymol (purity 98.5%) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Sulfadiazine Polymyxin Sulfite agar (SPS agar), Tween 60 (T60), Tween 80 (T80), triphenyl tetrazolium chloride, violet red bile agar (VRBA), nutrient broth, plate count agar (PCA), sulfadiazine polymyxin sulfite agar (SPS agar), De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe agar (MRS), and yeast extract glucose chloramphenicol agar (YGC) were supplied by Merck Chemical Co., Limited (Darmstadt, Germany). All of the reagents used were of analytical grade. Deionized water was used for the experiments.
10
Formulation of 5-Fu-loaded PLGA Nanoparticles
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5-Fu was purchased from Sigma Chemical Company (St Louis, MO, USA). PLGA polymer (Resomer RG502H) was purchased from Boehringer-Ingelheim (Ingelheim, Germany). The mole ratio of glycolic acid to lactic acid in PLGA was 50:50 and its molecular weight was 12000 g/mol. Ferrous chloride (FeCl2.4H2O), ferric chloride (FeCl3.6H2O), oleic acid, ammonia solution (25 vol%), dichloromethane (DCM), glycerin, span60 and tween60 were purchased from Merck Chemical Company (Darmstadt, Germany). All chemicals were used without further purification.
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